Section 4

Question 1

What does “defining problems by solutions” mean?

Answer 1

e.g., “the problem is that we

need more control over our suppliers”

Question 2

What are the differences between optimizing and satisficing?

Answer 2

optimizing- the max benefits

satisfying-just good enough

Question 3

What does Framing mean?

Answer 3

Tendency to evaluate risk differently depending on how a decision is presented (or framed).

Is the glass half full or half empty?

Question 4

What are the ways to reduce escalation of commitment?

Answer 4

• Separate initial decision-makers from decision evaluators
• Shift focus of attention
• Give positive feedback judiciously
• Hold people accountable for decision processes, not outcomes

Question 5

What are the steps of the creativity process?

Answer 5

• Preparation
• Incubation
• Illumination
• Verification