What is pes planus?
Flat foot - loss of medial arch of the foot
What is the most common cause of acquired flatfoot deformity in adults?
Tibialis posterior dysfunction
What is a fairly specific finding of tibialis posterior dysfunction?
Pain and swelling posterior to the medial malleolus
What is pes cavus?
Fixed plantarflexion of the foot
List treatments for plantar fasciitis
NSAIDs Rest Splints Heel cups/arch support Steroid injection
What is hallux valgus?
Tilting of big toe laterally, forming a bony lump medially
What are the operative indications for hallux valgus?
Failure of non-op
Pain + infiltration of little toes
Ulceration
Functional/lifestyle limitations
List some features of rheumatoid foot
Hallux valgus
Subluxed MTPs
Clawed toes
Painful plantar calluses
What is Morton’s neuroma?
Degenerative fibrosis of digital nerve near its bifurcation
What are the key features of Morton’s neuroma?
Forefoot pain
Burning/tingling toes
What is the difference between tendinitis and tendinosis?
Tendinitis is inflammation resulting from microtears
Tendinosis is degeneration of collagen from chronic overuse
In claw, hammer and mallet toe, what is the main deformity?
Hyperextension
In claw toe, which joints are flexed?
PIP
DIP
In mallet toe, which joint is flexed?
DIP
In hammer toe, which joint is flexed?
PIP
