FPC: global health Flashcards
(23 cards)
What communities tend to suffer poorer health outcomes?
Rural counties
Black and Latinx households are ___ likely as white households to lack indoor plumbing in the US.
2x more likely
Native American households are ___ likely than white households to lack indoor plumbing in the US.
19x more likely
How do we decide where efforts are invested in global health?
Country income, international organization recommendations, population health indicators, is the country ‘developed’, burden of disease
What does the world bank use to determine country income?
GNI (gross national income)
What is the GNI?
Gross national income; takes all a nations finances into account, as well as a few other factors that GDP does not include. This makes it broader than GDP
What are some considerations in the sustainable development goals?
Maternal/reproductive/child health, infectious diseases, non-communicable diseases and environmental risks, health systems and funding
What are some challenges in measuring health status of a country?
Some rural areas may not have the infrastructure to be able to accurately report certain outcomes
What are some big measurements of health status of a country?
Maternal mortality ratio, neonatal mortality rate, infant mortality rate, child mortality, life expectancy at birth
What is the minimum number of prenatal visits recommended?
4
What are the top 3 causes of maternal mortality worldwide?
- Hemorrhage
- HTN emergency
- Sepsis
Describe the multicomponent clinical intervention for postpartum hemorrhage.
It involves early detection via a blood-drape collection followed by treatment bundle of uterine massage, oxytocic drugs, tranexamic acid, fluids, and examination of treatment. This regimen was found to decrease severe hemorrhage and associated death as well as increase detection of severe bleeding.
What is the leading cause of neonatal mortality worldwide?
Perinatal asphyxia
What is helping babies breathe intervention?
A program that teaches neonatal resuscitation and newborn care skills to help healthcare workers in lower income settings support babies that don’t breathe on their own to help reduce mortality in neonates.
What is the definition of neonatal mortality?
Death in less than 29 days of age
Who is the US behind in terms of infant mortality?
Cuba
What is life expectancy at birth?
Expected years a newborn could live if current trends in mortality were to continue
What is the leading cause of death globally?
Ischemic heart disease
What are the steps of epidemiologic transition?
The causes shift! In earlier stages it is communicable diseases, and as a country progresses through the stages there is a shift to non-communicable disease being the main cause.
What is DALY?
Measure of overall disease burden expressed as cumulative number of years lost due to ill health, disability, or early death. Takes mortality AND morbidity into account.
What does 1 DALY represent?
One lost year of healthy life
What is the highest cause of DALY?
Neonatal conditions
What conditions will usually have higher DALY?
Those occurring earlier in life
