FPC: global health in children Flashcards
(31 cards)
What is the under 5 mortality rate?
37 children per 1,000 live births
What can the under 5 mortality rate reveal?
The state of the nation’s children and how a country is doing from a socioeconomic standpoint
Where is child mortality highest?
Sub Saharan Africa
How does the US compare to other wealthy countries in terms of childhood deaths?
We have a higher infant mortality rate and 15–19-year mortality rate due to firearms and car accidents
What is the most common cause of mortality globally?
Pneumonia/acute respiratory infection
What is true of kids dying from ARIs?
They are usually underweight, have micronutrient deficiencies, and suboptimal prevention and treatment options (vaccines, timely care, etc)
What are barriers to managing ARIs in lower income countries?
Access to healthcare, healthcare worker shortages, lack of diagnostic tools delaying diagnosis, limited therapy availabilities (ie medications), high costs of treatment
How can we prevent ARIs in kids?
Vaccines, breastfeeding, sanitation/hygiene, timely care
What is the most common cause of neonatal death?
Prematurity
How can we reduce perinatal deaths?
Quality prenatal care, skilled birth attendants, availability of emergency care, prevention and treatment of infection, encouraging skin-to-skin contact
What has led to decrease in death from diarrheal diseases?
Oral rehydration solution
How is diarrheal disease managed?
Oral rehydration solution, continued feeding, improved female education, zinc supplementation
What does zinc supplementation do in diarrheal disease?
Reduce duration of diarrhea and stool volume
What is the most prevalent form of malnutrition?
Protein energy malnutrition
Describe protein energy malnutrition.
Ranges from stunting and being underweight to kwashiorkor and marasmus
What is childhood stunting?
A chronic form of malnutrition that causes kids to be too short for their age group and improper brain development leading to poor learning. This is due to insufficient calories and micronutrients like minerals and vitamins
Where are rates of childhood stunting largest?
Africa and Asia
What is kwashiorkor?
Severe protein energy malnutrition often associated with preceded infection that leads to low albumin, muscle wasting skin lesions, enlarged fatty liver, and apathy
What is marasmus?
Severe protein energy malnutrition characterized by calorie deficiency that causes significantly lowered body mass, irritability chronic diarrhea, and wasted appearance
How long is exclusive breastfeeding recommended?
6 months
How long is breastfeeding in general recommended for?
Up to 2 years
What is one of the most infectious preventable diseases?
Measles
What has happened to vaccine coverage over time?
It has fallen slightly, likely due to COVID
Describe the current presence of poliovirus.
It mostly impacts kids under 5 and endemically occurs in Afghanistan and Pakistan.
