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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > Gastro Drugs > Flashcards

Gastro Drugs Flashcards

(78 cards)

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1
Q

What is a potential side effect of systemic antacid use?

A

Metabolic alkalosis

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1
Q

What type of drugs are Neurokinin1 (NK-1) receptor antagonists?

A

Anti-emetics

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2
Q

What does H1 receptor antagonists treat?

A

Motion sickness

Hay fever

Nausea and Vomiting

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2
Q

How do bulking agents work?

A

They absorb water > increase in size > stimulates movement

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3
Q

How does hyoscine butylbromide act as a anti-diarrhoeal?

A

Muscarinic receptor antagonists therefore decrease gut motility

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4
Q

What is misoprostol?

A

A synthetic prostaglandin E2 analogue

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4
Q

What effect do cannabinoids have?

A

Anti-emetic

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4
Q

What is the problem with lipid paraffin?

A

Takes vitamins with it

Leaks out of the anus

Can cause pneumonia is aspirated

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5
Q

What is hyoscine hydrobromide?

A

A muscarinic receptor antagonist used for motion sickness

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6
Q

What drugs are used for nausea associated with migraine?

A

Metoclopramide

Chlorpromazine

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7
Q

How long is it advisible to stay on proton pump inhibitors for ulcers to heal?

A

8 weeks

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7
Q

Metoclopramide has another effect apart from being a anti-emetic, what is it?

A

Increase stomach and upper small intestine motility

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8
Q

What type of drug is Esomeprazole?

A

Proton pump inhibitor

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9
Q

What drugs target the chemoreceptor trigger zone?

A

Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists - Metoclopramide and Prochlorperazine

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9
Q

How does metoclopradine increase gut motility

A

Block dopamine’s inhibition of ACh release (being a dopamine D2 receptor antagonists)

Agonist of 5HT4 receptor > increase ACh release

Note: ACh acts on gastric smooth muscle to increase motility

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9
Q

Name a Serotonin 5HT3-Receptor Antagonists

A

Ondansetron

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10
Q

What are Ranitidine and Cimetidine?

A

H2 receptor antagonists

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11
Q

What type of drug is Hyoscine butylbromide?

A

Spasmolytic

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12
Q

At what point do extrapyramidal side effects of certain anti-emetic drugs become irreversible?

A

When tardic dyskinesia develops

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14
Q

Parkinson’s like symptoms or extrapyramadial side effects are cause by which class of drugs?

A

Dopamine D2 antagonists

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15
Q

What are Serotonin 5HT3-Receptor Antagonists used for?

A

Extremely potent anti-emetics

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16
Q

How does Rantidine work?

A

It is a H2 receptor antagonist

It blocks histamine stimulation of acid secretion in parietal cells

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17
Q

What are the side effects of H2 receptor antagonists?

A

No major side effects in current ones

Cimetidine causes gynecomastia in males

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17
Q

What are some causes of constipation?

A

Drugs (esp opioids)

Inadequate dietary fibre/water

Inadequate exercise

Spinal injury

Ignoring the “call” to go

Bowel cancer

Depression

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18
Which opioid is used as an anti-diarrhoeal? Why?
Loperamide Doesn't cross the BBB therefore doesn't cause the CNS effects
19
Which class of drug was classically thought to danger the colon with long term however has recently been found not to?
Irritant laxatives
20
What type of drug is liquid paraffin?
Oil lubricant
20
What are the most used laxative currently?
Irritant laxatives
21
What is the main side effect of Promethazine and other drugs of its class?
Sedation
23
What are H2 receptor antagonists indicated for?
Gastric ulcers
24
Name a bulking agent
Brann
26
How must antacids be administered to allow for ulcer healing?
Constant use - their action is short lived
27
Name a detergent laxative and their mechanism of action
Docusate Increase water content of faeces
28
What type of drug is bisacodyl?
Irritant laxative
29
Name the two important inputs to the vomiting centre due to their being targeted by anti-emetic drugs
Chemoreceptor trigger zone Vestibular apparatus
30
When are proton pump inhibitors indicated?
Ulcers Reflux Tumours GORD
30
Name a prostaglandin E2 analogue
Misoprostol
31
Name some important antacids
Magnesium hydroxide Sodium bicarbonate (systemic)
32
What side effects do all muscarinic receptor antagonists have?
Anti-cholinergic effects = decrease SLUD therefore: Dry mouth Blurring vision Urine retention Constipation
32
What are dopamine D2 receptor antagonists indicated for?
Nausea and vomiting
32
Name two stimulant/irritant laxatives
Senna Bisacodyl
33
What are emetic drugs used for?
Induce vomiting for the removal of ingested poisons/toxins
35
Name an important spasmolytic drug
Hyoscine butylbromide
36
How do irritant laxatives work?
Directly stimulate colonic myenter nerve plexus
38
What do spasmolytic drugs do?
Prevent smooth muscle spasm to reduce their associated pain
39
What specific conditions can metoclopramide be used for?
Migraine Reduced motility to neurodamage in diabetes
41
What type of drug is hyoscine hydrobromide?
Muscarinic receptor antagonist
42
What is the problem with prostaglandin E2 analogues?
They cause uterus contraction \> abortions
43
What are two proton pump inhibitors?
Omeprazole Esomeprazole
43
What class of drugs are generally indicated for nausea due to vestibular apparatus problems?
H1 receptor antagonists
45
T/F Hyoscine hydrobromide crosses the BBB
True
45
Name a osmotic laxative and their mode of action
Magnesium sulphate Increase water content of faeces
47
What is Ranitidine?
A H2 receptor antagonist
49
What type of drug is prochlorperazine?
A D2 dopamine receptor antagonist
50
What does Simethicone do?
Reduces the surface tension of small flatus bubbles thereby facilitating their aggregation into larger bubbles and passage out of the anus
51
What are prostaglandin E2 analogues used for?
Reduce gastric acid secretion Increase blood flow Increase mucous secretion
52
How do proton pump inhibitors block acid secretion?
Irreversibly bind to proton pumps
53
What type of drug is docusate?
Detergent laxative
54
What does metaclopramide treat?
Nausea and vomiting
56
What came first, antacids or H2 receptor antagonists?
Antacids
58
How do cytoprotective agents work?
They coat ulcer to protect it
59
What must opioids be given with?
A laxative
60
Name two dopamine D2 receptor antagonists
Metoclopramide Chlorpromazine Prochlorperazine
62
Name a H1 receptor antagonist
Promethazine
63
What type of drugs typically cause constipation?
Muscarinic receptor antagonists
64
What is bismuth chelate
A cytoprotective agent
65
What is the problem with cytoprotect agents?
They blacken the teeth, tongue and faeces
67
When shouldn't Brann or drugs from its class be used?
When underlying motility is slow as it contributes to constipation
69
Apart from being a dopamine D2 receptor antagonists, what other effects does metoclopramide have?
5HT3 receptor antagonist 5HT4 receptor agonist
70
In what setting are dopamine D2 receptor antagonists generally used?
Hospitals to relieve the symptoms associated with chemo/radio therapy and post anaesthetics
71
Which dopamine D2 receptor antagonists cause extrapyramidal side effects with long term use?
Metaclopramide Prochlorperazine
72
What is Promethazine?
A H1 receptor antagonist
73
How is Senna usually taken?
With docusate for opioid induced constipation
74
T/F Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists are used on their own
False, they are used with Dopamine D2 receptor antagonists
75
What do dopamine D2 receptor antagonists treat?
Nausea Vomiting
76
Are extrapyramadial side effect reversible?
Yes if the drugs hasn't been used for too long
77
What is hyoscine hydrobromide indicated for?
Motion sickness
78
How does Ondansetron work as an anti-emetic?
Blocks 5HT3 receptors in the CNS and local vagal sensory fibres

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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