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Hugh's MD1 Abdominal > GIT Histology > Flashcards

GIT Histology Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of the enteric nervous system?

A

Sensory neurones

Motor neurones

Interneurones

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1
Q

What class of cells are in the anal mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous

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2
Q

What do paneth cell secrete?

A

Anti-microbial peptides

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2
Q

Are sinusoids derived from hepatic arteries or portal veins?

A

Both

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3
Q

Do hepatocytes have microvilli?

A

Yes

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4
Q

How is the portal lobule model defined?

A

By the direction of bile flow - towards the hepatic triads

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5
Q

What is contained in the lamina propria?

A

CT

Nerves

Small vessels

Immune cells

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5
Q

What is the direction of the 3rd layer of muscle in the stomach?

A

Oblique - changes over the course of the stomach

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5
Q

Name 5 functions of the liver

A

Absorption of fat

Production of proteins

Detoxification

Metabolism

Storage

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5
Q

What does the liver store?

A

Iron

Some vitamins

Glycogen

Glucose

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6
Q

What the capillaries of the liver called?

A

Sinusoids

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7
Q

How are lobules divided?

A

They are defined by their blood supply

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7
Q

Which part of pancreatic cells is darker?

A

Basal

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8
Q

What is the function of the central vein?

A

Drain blood from the sinusoids into the hepatic veins

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8
Q

What makes the basal region of pancreatic cells darker?

A

Rough ER

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9
Q

What does the rough ER of hepatocytes do?

A

Protein synthesis

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11
Q

What distinctive features does the ileum have?

A

Peyer’s patches

Short villi

Lots of goblet cells

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11
Q

What class of cells are in the gall bladder?

A

Simple columnar absorptive

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12
Q

What is the connective tissue of the liver called?

A

Stroma

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13
Q

What do the Islets of Langerhan produce?

A

Insulin and glucagon

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14
Q

What are the layers of the mucosa?

A

Epithelium

Lamina propria

Muscularis mucosae

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15
Q

What is contained in the submucosa?

A

Vessels

Nerves

Small ganglia

Sometimes: Immune cells

Glands

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15
Q

How do sinusoids differ from capillaries?

A

Larger

Have discontinuations in their endothelium

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15
Q

What are macrophages that interface with hepatocytes called?

A

Kupfer cells

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16
What is the functions of enterocytes?
Fluid transport/absorption
17
What are the common layers of the GIT?
Mucosa Submucosa Muscularis externa Serosa/adventitia
18
What is the structure of pancreatic acini?
Ball of cells around a central duct
20
Where in the GIT are enterocytes found?
Small intestine Colon Appendix
22
Where are the neuronal components for controlling smooth muscle activity?
Myenteric ganglia
23
What is the name of the connective tissue that surrounds hepatocytes?
Reticular fibres
24
What is exceptional about hepatocytes?
They can have multiple nuclei They have prominant smooth and rough ERs They have many mitochondria
25
What is the lifespan of a hepatocyte?
150 days
26
What does the smooth ER of the liver do?
Fat and steroid metabolism
28
T/F The jejunum has Peyer's patches?
False, they don't yo
29
Why are their striated muscle cells in the upper oesophageal muscularis externa?
Because swallowing has corticol control
30
What is the name of the sphincter at the major duodenal papilla?
The sphincter of Oddi
31
What percentage of the pancreas is endocrine?
1-2%
33
What direction due muscle fibres of the muscularis externa lie?
Circumferential on the inner layer Longitudinal on the outside
34
What is the function of the gall bladder?
Store bile Concentrate bile by removing water and salts
35
What determines whether the outer layer will be adventitia or serosa?
Adventitia is present where organs are connected to each other Serosa is present where organs lie against each other
36
What are the three generations of folding in the small intestine?
Plica circulares Villi Microvilli
37
What do Brunner's glands secrete?
Alkaline mucous to neutralised stomach acid and digestive enzymes
39
What do inter-neurones do?
Control the intrinsic reflexes
40
How can you tell a hepatic artery from a hepatic portal vein?
Hepatic arteries are more circular while hepatic portal veins have a thinner wall
42
T/F the large intestine is just the colon?
False, it includes in the rectum and anal canal
43
What is the name of the endocrine glands of the pancreas?
Islets of Langerhan
44
In terms of plica circulares and villi, how would you describe the duodenum?
Low plica circulares Long villi
45
What is the main feature of secretory mucosa (eg stomach mucosa)
Long pits of glands
46
T/F Each portal triad supplies one lobule
False, each supplies many
47
What is the composition of blood in sinusoids?
80% deoxygenated 20% oxygenated
48
What makes the lumenal part of pancreatic cells lighter?
Zymogen granules of inactive enzymes
49
What class of cells is the serosa?
Simple squamous
50
What cause the gall bladder to contract and the sphincter of Oddi to relax?
CCK
51
How is the acinar lobule model defined?
By the relative amounts of O2 and metabolites - less towards the central vein
52
What are reticular fibres composed of?
Type I/III collagen
53
What are the channels that collect bile called?
Canaliculi
55
Cf to the small intestine, how many Paneth cells does the large intestine have?
It has less
56
What lies inbetween the muscle layers of the muscularis externa?
Myenteric ganglia (small ganglia)
58
What is the submosa?
Dense, irregular connective tissue
59
What is the function of the muscularis mucosae?
Facilitate mixing
60
What are the 4 cell types of the gastric pits? What do they secretion?
Mucous cells - mucous Parietal cells - acid Enteroendocrine cells - hormones (gastrin) Chief cells - pro-enzymes (pepsinogen)
61
What class of cell make up the epithelium of the oesophagus?
Stratified squamous
63
The structure of Brunner's glands could be described as ...?
Very coiled
64
What are crypts?
Tubular glands in between villi
65
Approximately how big are the lobules of the liver?
0.7mm x 2mm
66
How is the classic lobule model defined?
By the direction of blood flow with the central vein in the middle
67
What is a space of Disse?
Discontinuation of endothelium of a sinusoid
68
What percentage of the products of digestion are absorbed in the small intestine?
85%
69
Given the contents of the large intestine is more solid, what types of cells does it have more of?
Goblet cells
70
What does the portal triad contain?
Hepatic portal vein Hepatic artery Bile duct Lymphatic
71
How you can tell a bile duct from a vessel in the portal triads?
They have a simple columnar endothelium

Hugh's MD1 Abdominal (21 decks)

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