GastroOesophageal Pathology

Question 1

normal oesophagus epithelium cells are?

Answer 1

stratified squamous

Question 2

normal stomach cell types?

Answer 2

glandular epithelium

Question 3

causes of haematemesis?

Answer 3

gastric ulcer
oesophagus varices
erosive gastritis
mallory weiss
upper GIT tumour
duodenal ulcer

Question 4

causes of obstructive dysphagia?

Answer 4

luminal
mural
extramural

Question 5

3 most important cancers of oesophagus?

Answer 5

squamous cell carcinoma (common)
adenocarcinoma (common)
SCC (rare)

Question 6

2 most important tumours of stomach

Answer 6

adenocarcinoma

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours

Question 7

oesophagus SCC risk factors, 2 major?

Answer 7

smoking
ETOH

dietary
NaOH: structures
Fe deficiency

Question 8

oesophagus SCC, why is high cell turn over bad?

Answer 8

more chance of errors in replication&raquo_space; SCC

Question 9

adenocarcinoma of oesophagus precursors? and progression?

Answer 9

chronic GORD
Barrett's
dysplasia
adenocarcinoma in situ
invasive adenocarcinoma

Question 10

what does reflux oesophagitis do to the oesophageal spincter?

Answer 10

decreased tone,

ETOH, caffeine, preg, meds

Question 11

progression of adenocarcinoma of oesophagus?

Answer 11

normal
barrett's
low grade dyplasia
high grade dysplais
invasive carcinoma

Question 12

who gets eosinophilic oesophagitis? cause? treatment?

Answer 12

young people with a history of allergy
looks like trachea
caused by food allergens

Rx with steroids

Question 13

full Mallory-Weiss tear into mediastinum called?

Answer 13

Boarhaves

Question 14

causes of achalasia?

Answer 14

amyloidosis
infections
diabetes

Question 15

what does scleroderma do to oesophagus?

Answer 15

fibrosis of wall, submucosa

Question 16

common tumour of stomach?

Answer 16

adenocarcinoma

Question 17

most important cause of gastric cancer?

Answer 17

chronic helicobacter gastritis

Question 18

gastric carcinoma 2 types

Answer 18

intestinal - progression from helicobacter

diffuse

Question 19

diffuse type gastric carcinoma prognosis? and what is classic cell type?

Answer 19

poor prognosis

signet ring cell carcinoma (not adhesive)

Question 20

what is linitis plastica?

Answer 20

type of diffuse type gastric carcinoma, causing gastroparesis, ‘bottle’ stomach

Question 21

what are low grade MALTomas?

Answer 21

indolent B cell lymphomas

Question 22

MALTomas is found where?

Answer 22

localised to stomach for a long time

Question 23

how to treat MALTomas?

Answer 23

can respond to anti helicobactor pylori treatment alone!

Question 24

MALTomas left untreated?

Answer 24

progress to high grade lymphomas (diffuse large B-cell)

Question 25

what are Gastrointestinal stromal tumours?

Answer 25

primary tumours of stomach

Question 26

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours arrive from?

Answer 26

pacemaker cells of the gut (interstitial cells of Cajal)

Question 27

enteric nervous system found in which layer?

Answer 27

submuscosa | mesenchymal tumour

Question 28

Gastrointestinal stromal tumours treatment?

Answer 28

Imatinib to block c-kit (cell membrane bound tyrosine kinase)

Question 29

predictor of Gastrointestinal stromal tumours?

Answer 29

larger size is more malignant

Question 30

causes of gastritis?

Answer 30

helicobacter chemical irritant autoimmune lymphocytic

Question 31

why does helicobacter cause duodenal ulcers?

Answer 31

H, pylori causes increased acid secretion and can erode the duodenum

Question 32

benign gastric ulcers vs. adenocarcinoma looks

Answer 32

pit-like vs. volcano-like

Question 33

layers of oesophagus?

Answer 33

epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosa serosa