GI Flashcards by Tori Davey

What functions as a strong portion of the immune system?

small intestine

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Secrete saliva which has enzymes that helps destroy bacteria and breakdown carbs

Salivary glands

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the first part of the small intestine?

Duodenum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the second part of the small intestine?

JEJUNUM

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the third part of the small intestine

Where does it connect to?

Ileum connects to the colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

__/___ connect to ascending colon>___>transverse colon>___>descending colon>__>rectum>anus

Cecum/appendix
Hepatic flexure
Splenic flexure
Sigmoid colon

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Secretes digestive enzymes intothe duodenum

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Line by two layers of smooth muscle – longitudinal /circular

GI tract

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Three layers of smooth muscles

Stomach

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Movement of food along the stomach/ G.I. tract to churn food and propel forward through digestion

Smooth muscle

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The lining is thick with a lot of cells to protect, the cells wear away and regenerate

Esophageal

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

One layer thinner covers surface area to absorb and secrete easily

Stomach lining

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Cells on the bottom of the esophagus change and can lead to cancer

Hiatal hernia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral cavity,pharynx esophagus and stomach (prepares food for absorption)

Upper division GI system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

From the stomach cells, absorb B12

Intrinsic factor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Small intestine, large intestine, and anus (absorbs, food, and water, creates some vitamins-vit K)

Lower division the gastrointestinal system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The workforce

Liver

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Release bile to emulsify and to distribute/absorb where needed

Gallbladder

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Digestive enzyme for macro nutrients
Carbs, lipids, proteins

Pancreas

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Liver, gallbladder, and pancreas (helps process food for absorption)

-accessory glands

Hepatobiliary system

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Outside layer anchors the Gi tract

Serosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Open to the environment

Mucosa

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Large serous membrane that lines abdominal cavity and organs

Peritoneum

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Peritoneum :Outer layer wall

Parietal peritoneum

peritoneum: inner layer (organs)

Visceral peritoneum

Space between two layers

Peritoneal cavity

Behind the peritoneal Kidneys, ascendinding and descending duodenum, pancrease

Retroperitoneal

Double layer peritoneum containing blood vessels, and nerves

Mesentery

Apron like flap on the intestines Fills with fat with truncal obesity (beer belly) Hangs down from the stomach Chilled with blood vessels, nerves, and lymphatic If infection present, it will move to fight the infection in the intestines

Greater omentum

Goes back to close off the back of the throat so food don’t come out the nose

Uvula

Close down the larynx so food don’t go down the trachea

Epiglottis

Create clotting factors B12 storehouse Processes alcohol

Liver

Stores bile produced by the liver

Gallbladder

Get rid of ammonia Fatty acid > Energy> leftover fatty acid turned into ketones

Liver

Duck that leaves the liver

Hepatic duct Liver

To and from the gallbladder join at the bile duct

Cystic duct Liver

Brings bile down into the duodenum

Bile duct

Enzymes from the pancreas into the duodenum

Pancreatic duct

Where does the height of the pancreas sit?

Lap of the duodenum

The tail of the pancreas is close to what?

The spleen

The ___duct and the pancreatic duct join

Bile

Primary job is to produce enzyme

Pancreas

True

Changes associated with aging

Altered nutrition

Impaired elimination

Front is the hard pallet The uvula is a soft pallet

Cleft lip and palate

Bottom the stomach Can’t get milk through the sphincter into the duodenum

Pyloric stenosis

Cranial nerve damage 9 and 10

Dysphagia

The medulla lacks the blood brain barrier

Vomiting

Blood in the vomitus Has a characteristic of “coffee ground”appearance, resulting from protein in the blood being partially digested blood is irritating to the gastric mucosa Can occur from any conditions that cause upper GI bleeding Lower G.I- occult blood or darkening of feces

Hematemesis

Pushes stomach up

Hiatal hernia

Weakening of the sphincter

GERD

Due to stress

Gastritis

Dark Terry stools usually lower G.I., but can go all the way to the duodenum

Gastritis

Peptic ulcer disease Advil and Aleve cause a decrease in the protection of the stomach and G.I. lining. (Stomach/duodenum)

Most commonly associated with excessive acid or H pylori infection Typically, present with epigastric pain that is relieved in the presence of food

Duodenal ulcers

Less frequent but more deadly Typically associated with a malignancy and non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs * Pain typically worsens with eating

Gastric ulcers-stomach

Peptic ulcer disease

Cholelithiasis

Where does the hepatic duct and cystic duct join?

Bile duct

Where does the pancreas dump into?

Duodenum

Hepatitis

Non-viral hepatitis

Viral hepatitis

Hepatitis that can be caused from drinking water Fecal-oral

A&E

Hepatitis cause by fico oral

Hepatitis Bloody/body fluid derived can lead to chronic

BCD

Chronic hepatitis

Acute issue needs to be treated quickly to prevent death

Fulminant hepatitis

Liver damage progressed to scarring

Cirrhosis

Cirrhosis manifestation

Brings nutrients and water from intestine to liver

Portal vein

Blocks blood from getting out of the hepatic vein into the liver to be processed. Then back up into the abdominal cavity and surrounding veins.

Cirrhosis

The esophageal veins drain into the ____

Portal system

The portal system backs up into ___= Distention= blood in the vomit from distinction, causing esophageal to break open=

Esophageal veins Varices

Pancreatitis Within the pancreas cells contain digestive enzymes, enzymes are inactive until released by cells. With injury, they released digestive enzymes and do surrounding tissues/pancreatic tissue and start to eat away the surrounding tissues. Pancreatic cancer – escaped out due to leakage of enzymes to surrounding tissue

Happens when feces move too quickly through the G.I. track and water is not absorbed Triggered by the medulla

Diarrhea

Is when feces moved too slowly and a lot of water is absorbed

Constipation

Absorbs water to put it back into the system to help with bowel movements

Large intestine

Intestinal obstruction

True

Appendicitis

Positive rebound pain

Appendicitis

Peritonitis

Peritonitis manifestation

Celiac disease

Lining of the intestines, the villi get destroyed, unable to absorb or produce enzymes to break stuff down

Celiac disease

Increase surface area for absorption in the small intestine

Cilia

Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel disease The ileum and colon have white blood cells waiting to fight infection. With IBD this area is overreactive leading to an auto immune response that damages the colon and small intestines.