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KaBoom > GI Tract - Part 4 > Flashcards

GI Tract - Part 4 Flashcards

1
Q

Hypertrophied pyloric stenosis

A

Marked thickening of the circular muscle fibers of the pylorus

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2
Q

Is hypertrophied pyloric stenosis more common in males or females?

A

Male

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3
Q

When is hypertrophied pyloric stenosis most common?

A

Between 2-10 weeks of age

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4
Q

What are the clinical findings for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis? (6)

A
  1. Projectile vomiting
  2. Weight loss or poor weight gain
  3. Decreased urination
  4. Palpable upper
    abdominal mass
    - olive sign
  5. Lethargy
  6. Change in stools
    - decrease in number and size
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5
Q

What is the US appearance for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis? (3)

A
  1. Pyloric wall thickness above 3-4mm
  2. Pyloric diameter exceeding 15mm
  3. Length of the pyloric canal exceeding 17mm
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6
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for hypertrophied pyloric stenosis?

A

Normal pyloric canal

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7
Q

Leiomyoma

A

Benign neoplasm of the smooth muscle

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8
Q

What is a clinical finding of leiomyoma?

A

Asymptomatic

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9
Q

What is the US appearance of leiomyoma? (2)

A
  1. Intraluminal solid gastric mass

2. Well-defined wall margins

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10
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of leiomyoma?

A
  1. Polyp
  2. Leiomyosarcoma
  3. Gastritis
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11
Q

Leiomyosarcoma

A

Malignant neoplasm of the smooth muscle

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12
Q

What are the clinical findings of leiomyosarcoma? (4)

A
  1. Asymptomatic 2. Epigastric pain 3. Decrease in appetite

4. Weight loss

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13
Q

What is the US appearance of leiomyosarcoma? (2)

A
  1. Intraluminal target lesion

2. May appear hypo echoic

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14
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of leiomyosarcoma?

A
  1. Leiomyoma

2. Polyp

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15
Q

Polyp

A

Abnormal growth of the mucous membrane tissue

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16
Q

What is the most common tumour of the stomach?

17
Q

What is a clinical finding of a polyp?

A

Asymptomatic

18
Q

What is the US appearance of a polyp? (2)

A
  1. Hypo echoic lesion protruding from the gastric wall

2. Smooth wall margins

19
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of a polyp?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Leiomyoma
  3. Gastritis
20
Q

Crohn’s disease

A

Chronic inflammation of the intestines

21
Q

What are the clinical findings of Crohn’s disease? (6)

A
  1. Abdominal cramping
  2. Blood in stool
  3. Diarrhea
  4. Fever
  5. Decrease in appetite
  6. Weight loss
22
Q

What is the US appearance of Crohn’s disease? (4)

A
  1. Thick walled loops of bowel
  2. Matted loops of bowel
  3. Abscess formation
  4. Mesenteric
    lymphadenopathy
23
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of Crohn’s disease?

A
  1. Ileus

2. Diverticular abscess

24
Q

What are the causes of ileus? (6)

A
  1. Bowel obstruction 2. Peritonitis
  2. Renal colic
  3. Acute pancreatitis
  4. Bowel ischemia
  5. Neoplasm
25
What are the clinical findings of ileus? (5)
1. Abdominal pain 2. Constipation 3. Fever 4. Nausea/vomiting 5. Absence of bowel sounds
26
What is the US appearance of ileus? (2)
1. Distention of the small bowel with air or fluid | 2. Hypoactive or absent peristalsis
27
What are 2 differential diagnosis of ileus?
1. Intussusception | 2. Crohn disease
28
Intussusception
Telescoping of one part of the intestines into the lumen of an adjacent part
29
What are the clinical findings of intussusception? (4)
1. Abdominal pain 2. Palpable mass 3. Vomiting 4. Abnormal stools
30
What is the US appearance for intussusception? (4)
1. Edematous bowel 2. Multiple circular rings “Donut sign” 3. Hypovascular intestinal wall 4. Hypervascular mesentery
31
What are 2 differential diagnosis of intussusception?
1. Ileus | 2. Crohn disease
32
What are 2 types of lymphoma?
1. Hodgkin’s | 2. Non-Hodgkin’s
33
What are the clinical findings of lymphoma? (8)
1. Lymphadenopathy 2. LUQ pain 3. Fever 4. Blood loss 5. Leukopenia 6. Weight loss 7. Anorexia 8. Abdominal mass
34
What is the US appearance of lymphoma? (3)
1. Irregular complex bowel mass 2. Target sign 3. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy
35
What are 2 differential diagnosis of lymphoma?
1. Lymphadenopathy 2. Retroperitoneal pathology

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