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KaBoom > Urinary System - Part 11 > Flashcards

Urinary System - Part 11 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 layers of the baldder?

A
  1. Serosa
  2. Muscle
  3. Mucosa
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2
Q

What is the normal thickness of the bladder when it is distended?

A

3mm

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3
Q

What is the normal thickness of the bladder when it is empty?

A

5mm

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4
Q

Which bladder is more thick, infants or adults?

A

Infants

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5
Q

What should post void residual not exceed?

A

20mL

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6
Q

Where do the ureters meet the bladder?

A

At the trigone

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7
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the bladder?

A

Anechoic fluid-filled structure located in the pelvic midline

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8
Q

What is the normal US appearance of the ureters?

A

Small echogenic protuberances on the posterior aspect of

the bladder

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9
Q

What causes bladder exstrophy?

A

Failure of the mesoderm to form over the lower abdomen

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10
Q

When is bladder exstrophy typically discovered?

A

In utero

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11
Q

What is the US appearance of bladder exstrophy? (3)

A
  1. Lower anterior abdominal wall defect 2. Mass protruding from this defect
  2. Normal bladder not identified
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12
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder exstrophy?

A
  1. Omphalocele
  2. Inguinal hernia
  3. Umbilical hernia
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13
Q

What causes bladder diverticulum?

A

Bladder wall muscle weakness

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14
Q

What are the clinical findings of bladder diverticulum? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Urinary tract infection
  3. Pelvic pain
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15
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder diverticulum? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic pedunculation of the urinary bladder
  2. Neck of diverticulum is small
  3. May enlarge when bladder contracts
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16
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder diverticulum?

A
  1. Ovarian cyst

2. Fluid-filled bowel 3. Ascites

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17
Q

Bladder ureterocele

A

Congenital obstruction of the ureteric orifice

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18
Q

What are the clinical findings for bladder ureterocele? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. UIT

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19
Q

What is the US appearance for bladder ureterocele?

A

Hyper echoic septation seen within the bladder at the ureteric orifice
- demonstrated when urine enters the bladder

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20
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for bladder ureterocele?

A
  1. Artifact
  2. Bladder tumour
  3. Catheter balloon
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21
Q

What are the clinical findings for urachal sinus? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Fluid draining from the umbilicus

22
Q

What is the US appearance for urachal sinus?

A

Linear tubular structure extending from the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

23
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for urachal sinus?

A
  1. Rectus abdominis hematoma

2. Subcutaneous fat

24
Q

What causes bladder calculus?

A

Urinary stasis

25
What are the clinical findings for bladder calculus? (4)
1. Asymptomatic 2. Hematuria 3. Urinary frequency and urgency 4. Recurrent UTI's
26
What is the US appearance for bladder calculus? (3)
1. Hyper echoic focus within the urinary bladder 2. Posterior acoustic shadowing 3. Mobile with patient position change
27
What are 2 differential diagnosis for bladder calculus?
1. Intestinal air | 2. Calcified vessel
28
What are the clinical findings for cystitis? (3)
1. Dysuria 2. Urinary frequency 3. Leukocytosis
29
What is the US appearance for cystitis? (2)
1. Increase in bladder wall thickness | 2. Mobile internal echoes
30
What are 2 differential diagnosis for cystitis?
1. Bladder sludge | 2. Hematuria
31
What is a clinical finding for bladder sludge?
Asymptomatic
32
What is the US appearance for bladder sludge? (2)
1. Homogeneous low-level echoes | 2. Mobile with patient position change
33
What are 2 differential diagnosis for bladder sludge?
1. Cystitis | 2. Hematuria
34
What can lead to bladder malignancy?
TCC
35
What are the clinical findings for bladder malignancy? (3)
1. Painless hematuria 2. Frequent urination 3. Dysuria
36
What is the US appearance for bladder malignancy? (3)
1. Echogenic mass 2. Irregular margins 3. Immobile with patient position change Internal vascular blood flow
37
What are 4 differential diagnosis for bladder malignancy?
1. Benign tumour 2. Bladder sludge 3. Ureterocele 4. Metastatic tumour
38
What causes a bladder polyp?
Papilloma
39
What are the clinical findings for a bladder polyp? (2)
1. Asymptomatic | 2. Frequent urination
40
What is the US appearance for a bladder polyp? (3)
1. Echogenic intraluminal mass 2. Smooth margins 3. Immobile with patient position change Internal vascular flow
41
What are 3 differential diagnosis for a bladder polyp?
1. Malignant tumour 2. Bladder sludge 3. Ureterocele
42
Which structures is considered the basic functional unit of the kidney?
Nephron
43
Which condition is most likely to mimic a duplicated urinary system?
Hypertrophied column of Bertin
44
What are dialysis patients at an increased risk for developing?
Renal carcinoma
45
Which renal structures is composed of blood vessels or nerve fibers?
Glomerulus
46
A patient complaining of sharp, severe flank pain radiating to the groin is describing?
Renal colic
47
43-year-old female patient presents to the ultrasound department complaining of right flank pain and dysuria. A generalized swelling of the kidney is demonstrated. The medullary pyramids appear well defined. This is most suspicious for?
Pyelonephritis
48
Which patient positions is typically used for renal biopsy procedures?
Prone
49
Fibromuscular hyperplasia is most commonly associated with stenosis in which renal arteries?
Main renal artery
50
Renal artery stenosis is suggested after the peak systolic velocity exceeds?
180cm/s

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