Urinary System - Part 1

Question 1

ATN

Answer 1

Acute tubular necrosis

Question 2

Acute tubular necrosis

Answer 2

Ischemic necrosis of tubular cells

Question 3

What is the most common cause of renal failure?

Answer 3

ATN

Question 4

Angiotensin

Answer 4

Polypoid in the blood that causes vasoconstriction, increase in blood pressure, and the release of aldosterone

Question 5

Dromedary hump

Answer 5

Cortical bulge on the lateral aspect of the kidney

Question 6

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

Answer 6

Enlargement of a column of Bertin that extends into the renal pyramid

Question 7

Junctional parenchymal defect

Answer 7

Embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower poles of the kidney

Question 8

Papilla

Answer 8

Blunt apex of the renal pyramid

Question 9

Pelviectasis

Answer 9

Dilation of the renal pelvis

Question 10

Renal sinus lipomatosis

Answer 10

Excessive accumulation of fat in the renal sinus

Question 11

Renin

Answer 11

Renal enzyme that affects blood pressure

Question 12

Urachus

Answer 12

Epithelial tube connecting the apex of the urinary bladder to the umbilicus

Question 13

Ureterocele

Answer 13

Prolapse of the distal ureter into the urinary bladder

Question 14

What is the basic unit of the kidney?

Answer 14

Nephron

Question 15

How many nephrons are contained in each kidney?

Answer 15

Over 1 million

Question 16

What are the functions of the urinary system? (4)

Answer 16

1. Produces urine and erythropoietin
2. Influences blood pressure, blood volume, and intake or excretion of salt and water
   through the renin-angiotensin system
3. Regulates serum electrolytes
4. Regulates acid-base balance

Question 17

Renal capsule

Answer 17

Fibrous capsule (true capsule) surrounding the cortex

Question 18

Renal cortex

Answer 18

Outer portion of the kidney

- bound by the renal capsule and arcuate vessels

Question 19

Medulla

Answer 19

Inner portion of the renal parenchyma

Question 20

Column of Bertin

Answer 20

Inward extension of the renal cortex between the renal pyramids

Question 21

Renal sinus

Answer 21

Central portion of the kidney

Question 22

What does the renal hilum contain? (3)

Answer 22

1. Renal artery
2. Renal vein
3. Ureter

Question 23

What does the renal cortex contain? (2)

Answer 23

1. Glomerular capsules

2. Convoluted tubules

Question 24

What lies within the medulla?

Answer 24

Renal pyramids

Question 25

What do the renal pyramids contain? (2)

Answer 25

1. Tubules | 2. Loops of Henle

Question 26

What does the renal sinus contain? (7)

Answer 26

1. The major and minor calyces 2. Peripelvic fat 3. Fibrous tissues 4. Arteries 5. Veins 6. Lymphatics 7. Part of the renal pelvis

Question 27

How long are ureters?

Answer 27

25-34cm

Question 28

What do the ureters connect?

Answer 28

Renal pelvis to the urinary bladder

Question 29

Where do ureters course?

Answer 29

Vertically with retroperitoneum along the psoas muscles

Question 30

Where do ureters insert?

Answer 30

Posterior and inferiorly at the trigone of the bladder

Question 31

What is the distal ureter at the trigone considered?

Answer 31

Extraperitoneal