Urinary System - Part 3 Flashcards

(34 cards)

1
Q

Which kidney is located more superior?

A

Left

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2
Q

What are 5 renal anatomical variants?

A
  1. Dromedary hump
  2. Extrarenal pelvis
  3. Fetal lobulations
  4. Hypertrophied column of Bertin
  5. Junctional parenchymal defect
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3
Q

Dromedary hump

A

Cortical bulge on the lateral aspect of the kidney

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4
Q

Which kidney is dromedary hump more common in?

A

Left

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5
Q

What is the clinical finding of dromedary hump?

A

Asymptomatic

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6
Q

What is the US appearance of dromedary hump? (2)

A
  1. Lateral outward cortical bulge

2. Echogenicity equal to the cortex

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7
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis of dromedary hump?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Hematoma
  3. Renal cyst
  4. Hypertrophied column of Bertin
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8
Q

Extrarenal pelvis

A

Renal pelvis extrudes from the renal hilum

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9
Q

What is the clinical findings of extrarenal pelvis?

A

Asymptomatic

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10
Q

What is the US appearance of extrarenal pelvis? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic
  2. Oval-shaped structure medial to the renal hilum
  3. No vascular flow
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11
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of extrarenal pelvis?

A
  1. Hydroureter
  2. Renal cyst
  3. Renal vein
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12
Q

Fetal lobulation

A

Immature renal development

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13
Q

What is the clinical finding of fetal lobulation?

A

Asymptomatic

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14
Q

What is the US appearance of fetal lobulation?

A

Lobulations in the renal contour

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15
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of fetal lobulation?

A
  1. Junctional parenchymal defect

2. Dromedary hump

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16
Q

Hypertrophied column of Bertin

A

Enlarged column of Bertin

17
Q

What is the clinical finding of Hypertrophied column of Bertin?

18
Q

What is the US appearance of Hypertrophied column of Bertin? (2)

A
  1. Mass extending from the cortex into the renal pyramids

2. Echogenicity similar to cortex

19
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis of Hypertrophied column of Bertin?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Renal duplication
  3. Abscess
20
Q

Junctional parenchymal defect

A

Embryonic remnant of the fusion site between the upper and lower portions of the kidney

21
Q

What is the clinical finding of a junctional parenchymal defect?

22
Q

What is the US appearance of a junctional parenchymal defect?

A

Triangular echogenic area in the anterior aspect of the kidney

23
Q

What are 4 differential diagnosis of a junctional parenchymal defect?

A
  1. Technical factors
  2. Calcified artery
  3. Angiomyolipoma
  4. Fetal lobulation
24
Q

Agenesis of the kidney

A

Absence of the kidney(s)

25
Is agenesis of the kidney unilateral or bilateral?
It can be both | - but if it is bilateral it is incompatible with life
26
What are the clinical findings for agenesis of the kidney? (2)
1. Asymptomatic when unilateral | 2. Fatal when bilateral
27
What is the US appearance for agenesis of the kidney? (2)
1. Empty renal fossa(e) 2. Large, contralateral kidney
28
What are 3 differential diagnosis of agenesis of the kidney?
1. Pelvic kidney 2. Surgical removal 3. Crossed fused ectopia
29
What is agenesis of the kidney commonly associated with?
Associated with genital anomalies
30
What variant does cake kidney come from?
Horseshoe
31
Where is a cake kidney found?
In the pelvis
32
What are the clinical findings of cake kidney? (2)
1. Asymptomatic | 2. Pelvic mass
33
What is the US appearance of cake kidney? (2)
1. Fusion of entire medial aspect of both kidneys | 2. Anterior rotation of the renal pelvis
34
What are 2 differential diagnosis of cake kidney?
1. Crossed fused ectopia | 2. Renal mass