Spleen - Part 2

Question 1

What are indications for a spleen exam? (8)

Answer 1

1. Chronic liver disease
2. Infection
3. Leukocytosis
4. Leukopenia
5. Palpable mass
6. Abdominal pain
7. Fatigue
8. Trauma

Question 2

What are the normal serum levels of erythrocytes in males?

Answer 2

4.6-6.2 million/mm^3

Question 3

What are the normal serum levels of erythrocytes in females?

Answer 3

4.2-5.4 million/mm^3

Question 4

What do erythrocytes do? (2)

Answer 4

1. Carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues in the body

2. Carries carbon dioxide back to the lungs

Question 5

Where do erythrocytes develop?

Answer 5

In the bone marrow

Question 6

What is the life span of erythrocytes?

Answer 6

120 days

Question 7

What do erythrocytes contain?

Answer 7

Hemoglobin

Question 8

What is elevation of erythrocytes associated with? (2)

Answer 8

1. Polycythemia vera

2. Severe diarrhea

Question 9

What is decrease of erythrocytes associated with? (4)

Answer 9

1. Internal bleeding
2. Hemolytic anemia
3. Hodgkin’s disease
4. Hemangiosarcomas.

Question 10

What are normal serum levels of leukocyte?

Answer 10

4500-11,000 mm^3

Question 11

What do leukocytes do?

Answer 11

Defends the body from infection

Question 12

What are elevated levels of leukocytes associated with? (4)

Answer 12

1. Infection
2. Leukemia
3. Hemorrhage
4. Malignancy

Question 13

What are decrease levels of leukocytes associated with? (5)

Answer 13

1. Lymphoma
2. Leukemia
3. Viral infection
4. Hypersplenia
5. Diabetes mellitus.

Question 14

What are the normal serum levels for hematocrit in males?

Answer 14

40-54 mL/dL

Question 15

What are the normal serum levels for hematocrit in females?

Answer 15

37-47 mL/dL

Question 16

Hematocrit

Answer 16

Percentage of RBCs in the blood

Question 17

What is an elevation in hematocrit associated with? (4)

Answer 17

1. Dehydration
2. Shock
3. Polycythemia vera
4. Infection

Question 18

What is an decrease in hematocrit associated with? (3)

Answer 18

1. Hemorrhage
2. Anemia
3. Leukemia

Question 19

What are the normal serum levels of Hb in males?

Answer 19

13-18g/dL

Question 20

What are the normal serum levels of Hb in females?

Answer 20

12-16g/dL

Question 21

Hb

Answer 21

Oxygen carrying pigment of the RBCs

Question 22

What does Hb do?

Answer 22

Carries oxygen from the lungs to the cells and carbon dioxide from the cells back to
the lungs

Question 23

Where does Hb develop?

Answer 23

In the bone marrow inside the RBC

Question 24

What does the spleen do to Hb?

Answer 24

It gets recycled into iron

Question 25

What is the most common cause of an abscess of the spleen?

Answer 25

Infective endocarditis

Question 26

What are other causes of an abscess of the spleen? (2)

Answer 26

1. Infection | 2. Trauma

Question 27

What are the clinical findings of an abscess of the spleen? (3)

Answer 27

1. Fever 2. LUQ pain 3. Leukocytosis

Question 28

What is the US appearance of an abscess of the spleen? (3)

Answer 28

1. Hypo echoic or complex splenic mass 2. Ill-defined, thick wall margins 3. May demonstrate posterior acoustic enhancement

Question 29

What are 3 differential diagnosis of an abscess of the spleen?

Answer 29

1. Hematoma 2. Splenic infarction 3. Cavernous lymphangioma

Question 30

What are causes of calcifications of the spleen? (4)

Answer 30

1. Granulomatosis 2. Splenic infarction 3. Calcified cyst 4. Abscess

Question 31

What are the clinical findings of calcifications of the spleen? (2)

Answer 31

1. Asymptomatic | 2. Abdominal pain

Question 32

What is the US appearance for calcifications of the spleen? (2)

Answer 32

1. Hyper echoic focus(i) disperse(s) within the splenic parenchyma 2. May demonstrate posterior acoustic shadowing

Question 33

What is a differential diagnosis of calcifications of the spleen?

Answer 33

Calcified vessel(s)