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KaBoom > Neck - Part 5 > Flashcards

Neck - Part 5 Flashcards

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1
Q

Hypothyroidism

A

Decreased activity of the thyroid gland

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2
Q

What are symptoms of hypothyroidism? (9)

A
  1. Weight gain
  2. Lethargy
    - mental and physical
  3. Skin dryness
  4. Feeling cold
  5. Muscle cramps
  6. Constipation
  7. Arthritis
  8. Slow metabolic rate
  9. Decreased heart rate
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3
Q

What are the causes of hypothyroidism? (4)

A
  1. Iodine deficiency
  2. Chronic autoimmune thyroiditis
  3. Thyroid hormone failure
  4. Disease of the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
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4
Q

What happens if hypothyroidism goes untreated? (3)

A
  1. Myxedema
  2. Coma
  3. Death
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5
Q

What is the most common thyroid neoplasm?

A

Thyroid adenoma

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6
Q

What is a thyroid adenoma composed of?

A

Epithelial tissue

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7
Q

What are the clinical findings for a thyroid adenoma? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Hyperthyroidism
  3. Female prevalence
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8
Q

What is the US appearance for a thyroid adenoma? (5)

A
  1. Homogeneous
  2. Echogenic mass
  3. Prominent hypo echoic peripheral halo
  4. Peripheral blood flow
  5. May degenerate and appear complex
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9
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a thyroid adenoma?

A
  1. Carcinoma
  2. Cyst
  3. Goiter
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10
Q

Are thyroid adenomas more common in males or females?

A

Females

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings for a thyroid cyst? (2)

A
  1. Asymptomatic

2. Palpable neck mass

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12
Q

What is the US appearance for a thyroid cyst? (4)

A
  1. Anechoic mass
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic enhancement
  4. May demonstrate internal debris
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13
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for a thyroid cyst?

A

Cystic degeneration of a solid nodule

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14
Q

What is the cause of Goiter?

A

Impaired synthesis of thyroid hormones

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15
Q

What are the clinical findings for Goiter? (5)

A
  1. Palpable neck mass
  2. Dysphagia
  3. Dyspnea
  4. Hyperthyroidism
  5. Hypothyroidism
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16
Q

What is the US appearance for Goiter? (2)

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A
  1. Enlarged thyroid lobe(s)

2. Multiple solid nodules

17
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for Goiter?

18
Q

What is Graves disease?

Study These Flashcards
A

Autoimmune disorder of the thyroid gland

19
Q

What are the clinical findings for Graves disease? (5)

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A
  1. Hyperthyroidism
  2. Exophthalmos
  3. Palpable neck mass
  4. Dysphagia
  5. Dyspnea
20
Q

What is the US appearance for Graves disease? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Diffuse enlargement of the thyroid glands

2. Multilocular nodules

21
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis for Graves disease?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Thyroiditis

2. Carcinoma

22
Q

Hashimoto disease

Study These Flashcards
A

Chronic lymphatic inflammatory disease

23
Q

What are the clinical findings of Hashimoto disease? (5)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Often painless
  2. Hypothyroidism
  3. Leukocytosis
  4. Sore throat
  5. Fever
24
Q

What is the US appearance for Hashimoto disease? (2)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic thyroid glands

2. Hypervascular parenchyma

25
What are 2 differential diagnosis for Hashimoto disease?
1. Graves disease | 2. Abscess
26
What causes thyroiditis? (3)
1. Hashimoto disease 2. de Quervain syndrome 3. Viral infection
27
What are the clinical findings of thyroiditis? (6)
1. Hyperthyroidism followed by hypothyroidism 2. Fatigue 3. Fever 4. Leukocytosis 5. Neck pain 6. Dysphagia
28
What is the US appearance for thyroiditis? (3)
1. Enlarged hypo echoic gland 2. Hypervascular parenchyma 3. Discrete nodules
29
What is a differential diagnosis for thyroiditis?
Graves disease
30
Brachial cleft cyst
Congenital diverticulum of the brachial cleft
31
What are the clinical findings for a brachial cleft cyst? (2)
1. Asymptomatic | 2. Lateral neck mass
32
What is the US appearance for a brachial cleft cyst? (2)
1. Anechoic superficial neck mass | 2. May demonstrate internal debris
33
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a brachial cleft cyst?
1. Thyroglossal cyst | 2. Thyroid cyst
34
Where is the brachial cleft cyst located compared to the angle if the mandible?
Directly below it
35
Where is the brachial cleft cyst located compared to the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
Anterior to it

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