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KaBoom > Scrotum and Prostate - Part 6 > Flashcards

Scrotum and Prostate - Part 6 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the cause of a testicular abscess?

A

Complication of untreated

epididymoorchitis

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2
Q

What are the clinical findings of a testicular abscess?(3)

A
  1. Fever
  2. Scrotal pain
  3. Scrotal swelling
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3
Q

What is the US appearance for a testicular abscess? (3)

A
  1. Complex testicular or epididymal mass
  2. Hypervascular peripheral flow
  3. Lack of blood flow within mass
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4
Q

What is a differential diagnosis of a testicular abscess?

A

Neoplasm

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5
Q

What increases with age for a testicular cyst?

A

Incidence

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6
Q

What is a clinical finding for a testicular cyst?

A

Asymptomatic

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7
Q

What is the US appearance for a testicular cyst? (3)

A
  1. Anechoic mass within the testis
  2. Smooth wall margins
  3. Posterior acoustic
    enhancement
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8
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a testicular cyst?

A
  1. Resolving hematoma
  2. Vascular structure
  3. Neoplasm
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9
Q

What is the most common malignant neoplasm?

A

Germ cell neoplasm

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10
Q

What are causes of malignant neoplasm? (3)

A
  1. Teratoma

2. Stromal neoplasm 3. Metastases

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11
Q

What are the clinical findings for a malignant neoplasm? (3)

A
  1. Asymptomatic
  2. Palpable scrotal mass
  3. Scrotal swelling
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12
Q

What is the US appearance of a malignant neoplasm? (4)

A
  1. Hypo echoic intratesticular mass
  2. May appear complex
  3. Hypervascular mass periphery
  4. Reactive hydrocele
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13
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for a malignant neoplasm?

A
  1. Abscess
  2. Hematoma
  3. Focal orchitis
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14
Q

What are the causes for microcalcifications?

A
  1. Idiopathic
  2. Calcified vessels
  3. Granulomatosis
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15
Q

What is a clinical finding for microcalcifications?

A

Asymptomatic

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16
Q

What is the US appearance for microcalcifications?

A

Multiple small hyper echoic foci dispersed in the testis parenchyma

17
Q

What are 3 differential diagnosis for microcalcifications?

A
  1. Neoplasm
  2. Chronic orchitis
  3. Resolving hematoma
18
Q

What are microcalcifications associated with 40% of the time?

19
Q

Are microcalcifications usually unilateral or bilateral?

20
Q

What is the most common cause of orchitis?

21
Q

What is the second most common cause of orchitis?

A

Epididymitis

22
Q

What are the clinical findings of orchitis? (4)

A
  1. Scrotal pain
  2. Scrotal swelling
  3. Fever
  4. Nausea/vomiting
23
Q

What is the US appearance of orchitis? (5)

A
  1. Enlarged hypo echoic testis parenchyma
  2. Increase in intratesticular vascular flow
  3. Hydrocele
  4. Complex areas of necrosis
  5. Atrophy and intratesticular
    calcifications are demonstrated in chronic cases
24
Q

What are 2 differential diagnosis of orchitis?

A
  1. Testicular torsion 2. Neoplasm
25
What is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually associated with?
Epididymal obstruction resulting from trauma or inflammation
26
What is a clinical finding for tubular ectasia of the rete testis?
Asymptomatic
27
What is a US appearance for tubular ectasia of the rete testis? (2)
1. Cystic lesion demonstrated in the region of the mediastinum testis 2. Variable in size
28
Is tubular ectasia of the rete testis usually unilateral or bilateral?
Bilateral | - asymmetrical
29
What is a differential diagnosis of tubular ectasia of the rete testis?
Carcinoma
30
What is a cause of testicular rupture?
Trauma
31
What are the clinical findings for a testicular rupture? (3)
1. Scrotal pain 2. Scrotal swelling 3. Palpable scrotal mass
32
What is the US appearance of a testicular rupture? (3)
1. Irregular fibrous testicular capsule 2. Extrusion of the testis into the scrotal sac 3. Hematocele
33
What are 2 differential diagnosis for a testicular rupture?
1. Neoplasm | 2. Hematoma
34
What causes testicular torsion?
Twisting of the spermatic cord on itself | - obstructing the blood vessels supplying the epididymis and testis
35
What are the clinical findings of testicular torsion? (4)
1. Sudden onset of groin or scrotal pain 2. Lower abdominal pain 3. Nausea/vomiting 4. Scrotal swelling
36
What is the US appearance of testicular torsion? (5)
1. Hypo echoic parenchyma - acute 2. Hetergeneous parenchyma - chronic 3. May appear enlarged 4. Markedly absent or decreased intratesticular blood flow 5. Hydrocele
37
What are 3 differential diagnosis of testicular torsion?
1. Neoplasm 2. Hematoma 3. Improper Doppler settings and angle

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