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Boards.CP.Micro > Gram Positive Bacilli > Flashcards

Gram Positive Bacilli Flashcards

1
Q

Spore-forming Anaerobic Gram+ bacilli indicates what species?

A

Clostridium spp.

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2
Q

Clostridium perfringens:

  • Gram Stain
  • Blood Agar
  • Prelim ID requires what?
A

Gram+ Rods (short chains)

  • Large, “Boxcar-shaped”
  • Double-zone B-Hemolysis
  • Lecithinase activity
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3
Q

Clostridium septicum:

  • Gram Stain
  • Blood agar
  • Bacteremia association
A

Gram+ Rod (Large; forms chains)

  • Swarming (not discrete colonies)
  • Colonic adenocarcinoma/GI pathology
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4
Q

Clostridium botulinum:

  • Diagnosis
  • Common source?
A
  • Toxin detection (serum, stool, vomit)

- Raw honey (infant botulism)

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5
Q

Clostridium tetani:

-Diagnosis

A

Clinical Diagnosis

-NO lab tests for toxin available

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6
Q

Clostridium dififcile:

  • Culture medium/condition
  • Colony morphology
  • Gram stain
  • Culture “odor”
A
  • Cycloserine Cefoxitin Egg Yolk Fructose (CCFA)
  • Strict Anaerobic conditions
  • Yellow colonies w/ ground grass appearance; Fluoresce w/ UV light
  • Gram+/variable, thin rods (subterminal/free spores)
  • “horse manure” odor
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7
Q

Clostridium difficile:

-Molecular detection

A

Toxin A and Toxin B genes

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8
Q

Clostridium difficile:

-ELISA

A 
Glutamate Dehydrogenase (GAD)*
-More sensitive than stool Toxin

*Ag produced by C. diff

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9
Q

What C. difficile strain is associated with Severe C. diff colitis?

A

BI/NAP1/027 strain

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10
Q

PCR is able to detect C. difficile 027 strains; what mutations is found?

A

tcdC gene mutation

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11
Q

What are the NONspore-forming Anaerobic Gram+ bacilli species? (2)

A
  • Actinomyces spp.

- Propionibacterium

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12
Q

Actinomyces spp.:

  • Gram stain (*Identical to what other organism?)
  • Colony morphology
A

Gram+ Rods - Branching/Filamentous
-White Cerebriform (Molar Tooth) colonies (A. israelii)

*Nocardia spp.

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13
Q

How do you differentiate Actinomyces spp. vs Nocardia spp.?

A

Actinomyces are:

  • Anaerobic
  • NOT Acid-Fast
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14
Q

Propionibacterium:

  • Gram stain
  • Produce what?
  • Infection
A

Diphtheroid morphology
-Propionic Acid production
Skin commensal
-Infections of Prosthetic joint and other foreign bodies

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15
Q

Aerobic Gram+ Bacillus - Spore Forming organisms.

A

Bacillus spp.

  • B. anthracis
  • B. cereus
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16
Q

Bacillus spp.:

  • Gram stain morphology
  • Motile/Nonmotile
  • Catalase (+/-)
A

Gram+ Rods - Large, Rectangular

  • Motile
  • Catalase POSITIVE
17
Q

B. anthracis:

  • Gram stain
  • Colony morphology
  • Catalase (+/-)
  • Motile/Nonmotile
A

Forms chains and Subterminal spores

  • NonHemolytic w/ irregular borders (Medusa Head colonies)
  • Tenacious (stand up when teased with loop)
  • Catalase Positive
  • NONmotile (semisolid agar; for safety)
18
Q

B. anthracis - Cutaneous Anthrax.

A

Most Common

  • Least Fatal
  • Inoculation of spores in skin wound; handling animals or hides
19
Q

B. anthracis - Gastrointestinal Anthrax.

A

Ulcerative lesions

20
Q

B. anthracis - Inhalation Anthrax.

-Transmission (2)

A

“Woolsorter Disease”

-Terrorist attacks

21
Q

B. anthracis - Inhalation Anthrax.

-Characteristic findings

A 
Widened mediastinum (AP CXR)
-hemorrhagic mediastinitis
22
Q

B. cereus:

  • Gram stain
  • Colony morphology
  • Motile/Nonmotile
  • Transmission
A
  • Chains w/ Subterminal spores
  • BETA-Hemolytic, NONTenacious
  • MOTILE
  • Asian rice dishes
23
Q

Aerobic Gram+ Bacillus - NONspore Forming organisms. (6)

A
  • Listeria monocytogenes
  • Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae
  • Nocardia
  • Rhodoccucus equi
  • Corynebacterium diptheriae
  • Tropheryma whipplei
24
Q

Listeria monocytogenes:

  • Gram stain
  • Colony morphology
  • Catalase (+/-)
  • Motile/Nonmotile (Temp)
  • Semisolid Agar motility test
  • Temperature feature
  • CAMP test
A
  • Gram+ Rods (singly/short chains)-Short, Nonbranching
  • Beta-Hemolysis (narrow zone); Small colonies (1-2 days)
  • Catalase POSITIVE
  • Motile (best at Room Temp)
  • Umbrella-shaped motility
  • Can grow at 4C
  • CAMP test demonstrates a rectangular zone of enchanced hemolysis
25
Q

Listeria monocytogenes:

  • Pregnant women
  • Neonates
  • Immunocompromised
A
  • Chorioamnionitis
  • Granulomatosis Infantiseptica
  • Bacteremia, Meningitis, Encephalitis
26
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

  • Gram stain
  • Motile/Nonmotile
  • Catalase (+/-)
  • TSI slant feature
A
  • Gram+ Rod, Nonbranching, Coccobacillary or Filamentous
  • Nonmotile
  • Catalase NEGATIVE
  • produces H2S on TSI slants - Blackened Butt (distinguishes from Listeria and Lactobacillus)
27
Q

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae:

  • Treatment feature
  • Causes?
A 
Vancomycin Resistent (intrinsic)
-Erysipeloid - Cellulitis from animal carrier (Anglers, Butchers, Farmers)
28
Q

Nocardia:

  • Gram Stain
  • Other Stain
  • Best culture medium
  • Colony morphology
  • Colony Odor
A

Gram+ Rods (beaded)

  • Long, Filamentous, Branching
  • Modified Acid-Fast Positive
  • BCYE ideal for primary culture
  • Chalky white initially then Salmon Orange/Pink when mature
  • “Musty Basement” odor
29
Q

Nocardia Infections. (3)

A
  • Mycetoma (Indolent soft tissue infection)
  • Invasive Pulmonary infection
  • Disseminated (CNS involvement)
30
Q

Rhodococcus equi:

  • Gram stain
  • Location/Cell
  • Other Stain
  • Colony morphology
  • Affects/Cause
A
  • Gram+ Cocci, Coccobacilli, or Coryneform rods
  • Histiocytes
  • Modified Acid-Fast+ (like Nocardia)
  • Slimy/Salmon colored
  • Immunocompromised/Pulmonary infection
31
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae:

  • Gram stain
  • Culture medium
  • Presumptive ID
  • Colony morphology
A
  • Pleomorphic, club shaped (tend to palisade and cluster together)
  • Grows well on Blood Agar; Tinsdale agar (improved isolation)
  • Reduce Potassium tellurite to Metallic tellurite
  • Brown-Black colonies surrounded by Brown Balck halos on Tinsdale agar
32
Q

Corynebacterium diptheriae:

-Infection

A

Fever, Sore throat

-Psuedomembrane covering tonsils and other structures

33
Q

Tropheryma whipplei:

  • Where is it found?
  • Who gets infections?
  • Tissue diagnosis
A
  • Ubiquitous in environment
  • Selective immune deficiency; Older Males (M»F)
  • Foamy histiocytes; Bacillary organisms PAS Positive (AFB negative)

Boards.CP.Micro (28 decks)

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