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Boards.CP.Micro > Orthomyxo,Paramyxo,Picorna,Bunya,Toga,Reo,Arena > Flashcards

Orthomyxo,Paramyxo,Picorna,Bunya,Toga,Reo,Arena Flashcards

1
Q

Influenza A is in what viral family?

A

Orthomyxovirus

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2
Q

What is antigenic drift?

A

Minor changes
-Point mutations in H&N genes

*Drift produces annual outbreaks and epidemics

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3
Q

What is antigenic shift?

A

Major changes
-Genetic reassortment between strains

*Shift produces worldwide outbreaks (Pandemics) every 10-20 years

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4
Q

What is the most common cause of death related to Influenza A?

A

Secondary bacterial pneumonia

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5
Q

What are the Influenza A surface antigens?

A
  • Hemagglutinin (H)

- Neuraminidase (N)

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6
Q

What does Hemagglutinin bind to?

A

Sialic acid containing receptors on respiratory epithelial cells
-Expressed on infected cells (basis for the hemadsorption test)

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7
Q

What viruses are Hemadsorption positive? (3)

A
  • Influenza A&B
  • Parainfluenza
  • Mumps
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8
Q

What is the current gold standard for diagnosis of Influenza A/B?

A

Culture

-being replaced by PCR

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9
Q

Rapid antigen tests for influenza A/B (DFA) are capable of providing results in 30 minutes, what is the overall sensitivity?

A

50-80% sensitivity

-High specificity

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10
Q

What is the most common causes of croup in children?

A

Parainfluenza 1

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11
Q

What viruses are in the Paramyxovirus family? (5)

A
  • Parainfluenza
  • Measles (morbillivirus)
  • Mumps
  • RSV (pneumovirus)
  • Human metapneumonvirus
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12
Q

The morbillivirus causes what? (3)

A
  • Classic measles
  • Atypical measles
  • Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis (SSPE)
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13
Q

Classic Measles:

  • Prodrome
  • Rash
  • Complications
A
  • Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis (+/- Koplik spots)
  • Descending rash (Head 1st)
  • Otitis media, pneumonia, myocarditis
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14
Q

Who is susceptible to Atypical Measles?

A

Teenage patients who received only 1 vaccination

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15
Q

What is the risk of SSPE?

-Average incubation?

A
  • 0.001%

- 7 years

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16
Q

What does the Mumps virus cause? (5)

A

Parotitis, sometimes with:

-meningoencephalitis, orchitis, myocarditis, pancreatitis

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17
Q

What is the most common cause of pneumonia & bronchiolitis in infants and toddlers?

A

RSV

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18
Q

What is true regarding immunity to RSV?

A

Short lived

  • recurrence throughout childhood is the rule
  • Infections are progressively less severe
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19
Q

How do you diagnose RSV in culture?

A

Formation of syncytia in Hep2 cells

20
Q

Human metapneumovirus is a significant cause of what?

A

Lower respiratory tract infections

*PCR preferred diagnostic modality

21
Q

Enterovirus and Rhinovirus are part of what viral family?

A

Picornaviruses

-small (pico) RNA (rna) viruses

22
Q

What viruses belong to the Enterovirus family? (4)

A
  • Poliovirus
  • Coxsackie A/B
  • Enterovirus
23
Q

What does Poliovirus cause?

A

Poliomyelitis

-Destruction of spinal ventral horn motor neurons

24
Q

What does Coxsackie A virus cause?

A
  • Herpangina (painful oral infection)

- Hand, Foot, and Mouth

25
Q

What does Coxsackie B virus cause?

A
  • Grippe (epidemic pleuodynia)
  • Myocarditis
  • Pericarditis
26
Q

What does enterovirus cause?

A

Most common cause of viral meningitis (aseptic)

27
Q

What is the most common cause of the common cold?

A

Rhinovirus

28
Q

What does rhinovirus culture require?

A

Incubation at 32 degrees

-RT-PCR is preferred

29
Q

What viruses are part of the Bunyaviridae family? (4)

A
  • Hantavirus
  • Bunyavirus
  • Nairovirus
  • Phlebovirus
30
Q

How is Hantavirus acquired and what does it cause?

A
  • Aeroslized rodent shit

- Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

31
Q

What does Bunyavirus cause?

A

California encephalitis

32
Q

What does Nairovirus cause?

A

Crimean Congo Hemorrhagic fever

33
Q

What does Phlebovirus cause?

A

Rift Valley Fever

34
Q

What viruses are part of the Togaviridae family? (3)

A
  • Rubella
  • Alphavirus
  • Flaviviruses
35
Q

What does rubella virus cause?

A

German Measles

-Febrile illness with rash

36
Q

Rubella virus is generally benign but may have consequences in what circumstances?
-What are the implications? (6)

A

Developing fetus with maternal infection (1st trimester)

  • Sensorineural deafness
  • Cataracts
  • Glaucoma
  • Micropthalmia
  • Congenital heart disease (PDA)
  • IUGR
  • Microcephaly
37
Q

What does Alphavirus cause?

A

Equine encephalitides

38
Q

What viruses are part of the Flavivirus family? (5)

A
  • HepC
  • Dengue
  • Yellow Fever
  • St. louis encephalitis
  • West Nile virus
39
Q

Dengue and Yellow fever are most commonly transmitted via what?

A

Aedes mosquitos

A. aegypti or A. albopictus

40
Q

Yellow fever is viscerotropic for what organs? (4)

A
  • Heart
  • Kidney
  • GI tract
  • Liver
41
Q

What is the most characteristic liver findings in Yellow Fever? (4)

A
  • Midzonal necrosis
  • Councilman bodies
  • Microvesicular fatty metamorphosis
  • NO inflammation
42
Q

What is the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis?

A

Rotavirus (family Reoviridae)

43
Q

What are other common causes of viral gastroenteritis? (3)

A
  • Calciviruses (Norwalk-like agent)
  • Adenoviruses (40&41)
  • Astrovirus
44
Q

What virus causes Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis?

A

Arenaviridae

45
Q

Arenaviridae virus:

  • Viral Particles
  • Transmission
A
  • Virus particles contain host cell ribosomes, giving them a granular appearnce
  • Parasites of rodents that shed virus in their urine and feces – Hamsters and House mice are the hosts to LCM virus

Boards.CP.Micro (28 decks)

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