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Boards.CP.Micro > Protozoa: Flagellates > Flashcards

Protozoa: Flagellates Flashcards

1
Q

What organisms make up the Flagellates (Mastigophora)? (7)

A
  • Giardia
  • Dientamoeba fragilis
  • Trichomonas vaginalis
  • Leishmania spp.
  • Trypanosoma spp.
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2
Q

Giardia intestinalis - Trophozoites:

  • Size
  • Seen in what specimens
A
  • 10-20 um in length
  • Stool specimens
  • Small bowel bx
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3
Q

Giardia intestinalis - Trophozoites:

  • Morphology (2)
  • Flagella
  • Motility
A
  • Kite-shaped w/ central axoneme (top)
  • Comma-shaped (side)
  • Flagella not easily seen
  • Falling leaf motility (wet specimens)
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4
Q

Giardia intestinalis is similar in appearance to what nonpathogenic flagellate?

  • Lacks what feature
  • Motility
  • Cyst features
A

Chilomastix mesnili

  • Lacks central axoneme
  • Rotary motion
  • Cyst is Lemon-shaped w/ single nucleus
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5
Q

Giardia intestinalis - Cysts:

  • Size
  • Shape
  • Feature
A
  • 10-14 um
  • Oval
  • 4 nuclei located along central axoneme
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6
Q

Giardia intestinalis:

  • Preferred method of Dx
  • Causes
  • Distribution
  • Locations (3)
A
  • EIA
  • MC of protozoal gastroenteritis
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Daycare centers
  • Ski Resorts
  • Backcountry hiking
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7
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis - Trophozoites:

  • Shape
  • Nuclei (2)
  • Flagella
A
  • Round
  • Binucleate
  • Nuclei w/ “fractured” (fragile) central karyosome
  • Internalized flagellum
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8
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:

  • Distribution
  • Symptoms (2)
A
  • Worldwide distribution
  • Diarrhea
  • Anal pruritis
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9
Q

Dientamoeba fragilis:

-Commonly coinfections with what?

A

Enterobius vermicularis (pinworm)

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10
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis:

  • Transmission
  • Motility
A
  • Sexual transmission

- Jerky, nondirectional motility

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11
Q

Trichomonas vaginalis - Trophozoites:

  • Shape
  • Nucleus
  • Membrane
A
  • Pear-shaped
  • Large nucleus at anterior end of central axostyle
  • Undulating membrane that extends 1/2 down organism
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12
Q

Leishmania spp.:

  • Best method of Dx
  • Culture medium
A
  • Tissue biopsy

- Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium

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13
Q

Leishmania spp. - Amastigotes:

  • Size
  • Location
A
  • 2-5 um

- Within Histiocytes

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14
Q

Leishmania spp. - Amastigotes:

  • Shape
  • Nucleus/kinetoplast
A
  • Oval-shaped

- Small nucleus adjacent to Rod-Shaped Kinetoplast

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15
Q

Leishmania spp.:

-Transmission

A

Sandfly (Phlebotomus/Lutzomyia genera)

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16
Q

Leishmania spp. - Mucocutanous

  • Organism
  • Location
  • Behavior
A

L. braziliensis complex

  • Oral/Nasal mucosa
  • Persitent/Highly destructive
17
Q

Leishmania spp. - Visceral (kala azar)

  • Organism
  • Location (2)
A

L. donovani

  • Hepatosplenic infection
  • Bone Marrow infection
18
Q

Trypanosoma spp.:

  • What form can be seen in p. smear (what phase)
  • What helps ID in p. smear?
A

Trypomastigotes in acute phase

-Buffy coat exam

19
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi Vs. T. brucei:

-what is the most important feature for differentiating the two?

A

Size of kinetoplast

  • T. cruzi: Large
  • T. brucei: small
20
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi:

  • Size
  • Shape
  • Kinetoplast
A
  • 20 um
  • C-shaped
  • Large, posterior kinetoplast
21
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. brucei:

  • Size
  • Shape
  • Kinetoplast
A
  • 30um
  • Delicately Curved
  • Small, posterior kinetoplast
22
Q

Trypanosoma spp.:

  • Location in chronic phase
  • Culture medium
  • Serology?
A

Heart or other affected organ

  • Novy-MacNeal-Nicolle (NNN) medium
  • Serology can be used for Dx
23
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi associated Disease:

-Affects what organs (2)

A

Chagas disease

  • Distal Esophagus - Muscularis (Achalasia)
  • Myocardium*

*Leading cause of Heart failure in South/Central America

24
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. cruzi:

  • Transmission
  • Inoculation site
  • Characteristic Sign
A
  • Reduviid (Kissing) bug*
  • Face
  • Romana sign (palpebral and periocular swelling)

*May be transmitted from mother to child, ingestion, transfusion

25
Q

Trypanosoma spp. - T. brucei associated Disease

-Transmission

A

African Sleeping Sickness

-Tsetse fly (Glossina)

26
Q

These spore forming unicellular organisms are now thought to be a fungi and not Ciliates/Protozoans.

A

Microspora (Microsporidia)

27
Q

Microsporidia - Intestinal/Hepatobiliary:

-species (1)

A

Enterocytozoon binueusi

28
Q

Microsporidia - Ocular:

-Species (1)

A

Encephalitozoon hellem

29
Q

Microsporidia - Intestinal/Disseminated:

-Species

A

Encephalitozoon intestinalis

30
Q

Microsporidia - Diagnosis methods. (3)

A
  • Small bowel bx
  • Stool sample
  • PCR
31
Q

Microsporidia - Small Biopsy Bx.

A

Numerous Oval Intracellular organisms:

-Apical aspect of enterocytes

32
Q

Microsporidia - Stool Sample.

  • Size
  • Stain
A

1-3 um spores

-Stain deep red w/ modified Trichrome stain

Boards.CP.Micro (28 decks)

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