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Boards.CP.Micro > Gram Positive Cocci > Flashcards

Gram Positive Cocci Flashcards

1
Q

S. aureus express ________, conferring resistance to penicillin, ampiciilin, and early generation cephalosporins.

A

Beta-lactamase

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2
Q

MRSA:

  • Mutation/Gene
  • Express what?
A

mecA gene
-Express PBP2A*

*penicillin target with little affinity for the drug

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3
Q

MRSA Tests. (3)

A
  • Cefoxitin Disk Diffusion testing
  • DNA hybridization probes for mecA
  • PBP2a with latex agglutination
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4
Q

S. epidermidis characteristics. (2)

A

Coagulase Negative Staph.

-Hardware infections

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5
Q

S. saphrophyticus characteristics. (3)

A

Coagulase Negative Staph.

  • Uropathogen
  • Novobiocin Resistant
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6
Q

S. lugdunensis (SLUG) characteristics. (6)

A

Coagulase Negative Staph.

  • Skin commensal
  • Infections similar to S. aureus
  • Slide Coag Test (Pos.); Tube Coag Test (Neg.)
  • PYR positive
  • Ornithine Decarboxyase Positive
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7
Q

Blood agar - Beta hemolysis.

A

COMPLETE Hemolysis

-Clear Zone

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8
Q

Blood agar - Alpha hemolysis.

A

Incomplete Hemolysis

-GREEN zone

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9
Q

Blood agar - Gamma hemolysis.

A

NO hemolysis

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10
Q

Group A Streptococci.

  • AKA
  • Gram stain
  • Blood agar
  • Bacitracin (A disk)
  • PYR Hydrolysis
  • Express what antigens?
A

Strep Pyogenes

  • Gram+ cocci singly, in pairs, short chains
  • Beta-hemolysis (wide), large colonies
  • Bacitracin (A disk) - Susceptible
  • PYR Hydrolysis - Positive
  • Express Lancefield group A antigens
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11
Q

Organism that causes toxin-mediated illnesses (ie Toxic shock, Scarlet fever) and Immune-mediated illnesses (ie Rheumatic Fever, Poststrep GN).

A

Group A strep (S. pyogenes)

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12
Q

Group B strep:

  • AKA
  • Gram stain
  • Blood agar
  • CAMP Test
  • Hippurate Hydrolysis
A

S. agalactiae (Group B)

  • Gram+ cocci in pairs/short chains
  • Beta-hemolysis (narrow), gray/white colonies
  • CAMP Test - Positive
  • Hippurate Hydrolysis - Positive
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13
Q

When should pregnant females be screened for GBS colonization?
-Methods?

A

35-37 wks

-Enrichment broth then Culture or Molecular methods

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14
Q

S. pneumoniae:

  • Gram stain
  • Hemolysis
  • Colony morphology
  • Optochin Test (P disk)
A
  • Lancet shaped, Gram+ diplococci
  • Alpha-hemolytic
  • Smooth colonies (polysaccharide capsule)
  • Optochin Test - Susceptible
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15
Q

What organism is the leading cause of community acquired pneumonia (may lead to bacteremia and meningitis?

*Otitis Media and Sinusitis

A

S. pneumoniae

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16
Q

Viridian Streptococci

  • Gram stain
  • Hemolysis
  • Optochin test (P disk)
  • 4 groups
A
  • Long chains of Gram+ cocci
  • Alpha-hemolysis
  • Optochin Resistant
  • S. mitis, S. mutans, S. salivarius, S. anginosus
17
Q

Viridian Streptococci - Group:

-Frequent cause of native valve endocarditis and Late-onset presthetic valve endocarditis.

A

S. mitis

18
Q

Viridian Streptococci - Group:

-Principal agent of dental caries and can cause endocarditis.

A

S. mutans

19
Q

Viridian Streptococci - Group:

-Occasional cause of bacteremia and endocarditis

A

S. salivarius group

20
Q

Viridian Streptococci - Group:

-Abscesses at various sites

A

S. anginosus group (S. intermedius)

21
Q

Enterococcus spp.:

  • Gram stain
  • Hemolysis
  • Colony morphology
  • Bile test
  • PYR test
  • 6.5% NaCl
  • Express what antigens?
A

Enterococcus spp.:

  • Gram+ Diplococci/short chains
  • Nonhemolytic
  • Small, gray colonies
  • Bile test - Hydrolyze esculin
  • Hydrolyze PYR
  • Growth in 6.5% NaCl
  • Lancefield group D antigens
22
Q

What are the two most common Enterococcus species in clinical isolates?

A
  • E. faecalis

- E. faecium

23
Q

E. faecium - Antibiotic resistance.

A

Express altered Penicillin Binding proteins

  • Resistent to:
  • -Penicillin
  • -Ampicillin
  • -Cabapenems
24
Q

T/F: some strains of E. faecium are resistent to Vancomycin.

A

True

*Acquisition of the VanA, VanB, or VanD clusters

25
Q

Streptococcus bovis:

  • Gram stain
  • Hemolysis
  • Colony morphology
  • Bile test
  • PYR test
  • 6.5% NaCl
  • Express what antigens?
A

Streptococcus bovis:

  • Gram+ cocci in pairs/short chains
  • Nonhemolytic
  • Small, gray colonies
  • Bile test - Hydrolyze Esculin
  • PYR test - NEGATIVE
  • 6.5% NaCl - NO growth
  • Lancefield group D antigens
26
Q

Infection with what organism is associated with colonic malignancy?
-Subspecies

A

S. bovis

-S. gallolyticus

Boards.CP.Micro (28 decks)

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