Heart

Question 1

What is a harsh or musical intermittent auscultatory sound, especially an abnormal one called?

Answer 1

Bruit

Question 2

What is bacterial infection of the endothelial layer of the heart and valves?

Answer 2

Bacterial endocarditis

Question 3

What is excessive fluid accumulation between the pericardium and the heart?

Answer 3

Cardiac tamponade

Question 4

What is Cor pulmonale?

Answer 4

enlargement of the right ventricle secondary to chronic lung disease

Question 5

What is inflammation of the myocardium called?

Answer 5

Myocarditis

Question 6

What is the myocardium?

Answer 6

middle layer of the heart

Question 7

What is pericarditis?

Answer 7

Inflammation of the pericardium

Question 8

What is a thrill?

Answer 8

fine, palpable sensation

Question 9

Where is the aortic valve auscultated?

Answer 9

right 2nd intercostal

Question 10

Where is the pulmonic valve auscultated?

Answer 10

left 2nd intercostal

Question 11

Where is the mitral valve auscultated?

Answer 11

left 5th intercostal

Question 12

Where is the tricuspid auscultated?

Answer 12

Left 4th intercostal, along sternal border

Question 13

What is the parietal pleura innervated by?

Answer 13

Phrenic

Question 14

Is the visceral pleural sensitive to pain?

Answer 14

No

Question 15

What layer of the heart is usually affected in MIs?

Answer 15

Myocardium

Question 16

What is another name for the epicardium?

Answer 16

Visceral epicardium

Question 17

What causes heart sounds?

Answer 17

Blood flow

Question 18

Is S3 pathologic?

Answer 18

In atheletes, can be normal.

Otherwise yes

Question 19

What causes S1?

Answer 19

Closure of the AV vales

Question 20

What causes S2?

Answer 20

semilunar valve closure

Question 21

What causes S3?

Answer 21

Heard when blood flows passively from the atria to the ventricle

Question 22

What causes S4?

Answer 22

The atria contracting forcefully in an effort to overcome an abnormally stiff or hypertrophic ventricle

Question 23

How many beat do you need to listen to to auscultate properly?

Answer 23

4 beats = 3 seconds

Question 24

What part of the stethoscope do you use to listen to S1 or S2?

Answer 24

Diaphragm

Question 25

What part of the stethoscope is used to listen to higher pitched sounds?

Answer 25

Diaphragm

Question 26

What part of the stethoscope is used to listen to lower pitched sounds?

Answer 26

Bell

Question 27

What part of the stethoscope would you use to listen for S3 or S4?

Answer 27

Bell

Question 28

How can you make it easier to find the PMI?

Answer 28

Lay the patient in the left lateral recumbant

Question 29

What are the six qualities to assess for, for a murmur?

Answer 29

1. Grade 2. Where in cycle 3. Sound shape 4. Sound quality 5. Heard loudest 6. Radiation (GCSQLR)

Question 30

True or false: ANY murmur present in SYSTOLE is pathologic

Answer 30

False--any in DIASTOLE

Question 31

When are aortic/pulmonic ejection sounds heard?

Answer 31

In early systole

Question 32

An ejection sounds that radiates into the carotids is probably of which type (aortic or pulmonary)?

Answer 32

Aortic

Question 33

An ejection sounds that intensifies on expiration and decreases on inspiration is of what type (aortic or pulmonary)?

Answer 33

Pulmonary

Question 34

True or false: aortic ejection sounds change with inspiration/expiration

Answer 34

False

Question 35

When is an "opening snap" heard?

Answer 35

Diastole when there is a deformed mitral valve

Question 36

Where is the PMI found normally?

Answer 36

left 5th intercostal space

Question 37

At the base, is S2 > or < S1?

Answer 37

S2 is greater at the base

Question 38

Is A2 >, < or = to P2 normally?

Answer 38

A2>P2

Question 39

True or false: JVD pulsation occurs in unison with the heart beat?

Answer 39

False--opposite

Question 40

What is the range of normal for JVP?

Answer 40

<3cm above sternal angle

Question 41

Does the PMI change in CHF?

Answer 41

Yes

Question 42

Why are bruits heard more over the left carotid?

Answer 42

Comes straight off of aorta

Question 43

What is the normal diameter for a PMI?

Answer 43

1.5-2 cm

Question 44

Displacement of the apical pulse lateral to the midclavicular line is indicative of what?

Answer 44

Left ventricular hypertrophy

Question 45

Heaves along the left sternal border is indicative of what?

Answer 45

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Question 46

Heaves at the apex is indicative of what?

Answer 46

Left ventricular hypertrophy