MS Flashcards
1
Q
What are appropriate questions to ask a pt during a MS exam?
A
Joint/ neuro
Functionality
2
Q
What is the order of the MSK exam? (6)
A
- Inspection
- AROM /PROM
- Strength
- Reflexes
- Special tests
- Palpation
3
Q
Why is palpation left to last?
A
avoid TTP
4
Q
What does joint locking suggest?
A
Meniscal injury
5
Q
What does give-way suggest?
A
Ligamentous ir meniscal injury
6
Q
What does weakness suggest?
A
Neurological, myopatyh, tendinopathy, muscle injury
7
Q
What does a clicking, popping/tearing sensation suggest?
A
Soft tissue injury/tear
8
Q
What does tremor suggest?
A
Neuro issue
9
Q
True or false: numbness/tingling always prompts concern
A
True
10
Q
Why is night time pain concerning?
A
CA
Broken stuffs
11
Q
What is tendonitis?
A
INflammation of a tendon
12
Q
What is tendinosis?
A
Degeneration of a tendon
13
Q
What is tenosynovitis?
A
Inflammation of a sheath of a tendon
14
Q
What is tendinopathy?
A
Disease of a tendon–often painful overuse condition
15
Q
What is a tremor?
A
an involuntary, somewhat rhythmic, muscle movement involving oscillations of one or more body parts
16
Q
What is spasticity?
A
Velocity dependent resistance to muscle stretch
17
Q
What is a strain?
A
Trauma to a muscle
18
Q
What is arthritis?
A
Joint inflammation
19
Q
What is arthrosis?
A
joint degeneration
20
Q
What is arthropathy?
A
Disease of the joint
21
Q
What is a sprain?
A
Trauma to a ligament
22
Q
What is bursitis?
A
Inflammation of a bursa
23
Q
What are landmarks used for in inspection?
A
Assessment of symmetry
24
Q
What does ROM assess? (3)
A
Function
Muscle tone
Joint problems
25
What is the tool used to assess ROM?
Goniometer
26
Which should be tested first- AROM or PROM?
AROM
27
What do resistance test evaluate?
muscles/tendons
28
Smooth weakness indicates what type of cause?
Neurologic cause
29
Painless weakness indicates what type of cause?
Neurologic cause
30
Shoulder abduction and elbow flexion = what spinal level?
C5
31
Wrist extension = what spinal level?
C6
32
Elbow extension = what spinal level?
C7
33
Middle finger flexor = what spinal level?
C8
34
Abduction of the fingers = what spinal level?
T1
35
Hip flexors = what spinal level?
L2
36
Knee extension = what spinal level?
L3
37
Ankle dorsiflexion
L4
38
Extensor hallucis longus = what spinal level?
L5
39
Plantar flexion = what spinal level?
S1
40
Hoffman's sign = what?
Flicking on the finger looking for extra motion in the index or thumb flicking into felxion
41
What is the Biceps brachialis reflex testing?
C5
42
What is the Brachioradialis reflex testing?
C6
43
What is the triceps reflex testing?
C7
44
What is the Patellar reflex testing?
L4
45
What is the medial hamstring reflex testing?
L5
46
What is the achilles reflex testing?
S1
47
Babinski's sign looks for what?
Upper motor lesion
48
No evidence of movement = what grade of strength?
0/5
49
Trace movement = what grade of strength?
1/5
50
FROM with gravity eliminated = what grade of strength?
2/5
51
FROM against gravity but not against resistance = what grade of strength?
3/5
52
FROM against gravity, and with some resistance, but weak = what grade of strength?
4/5
53
FROM against gravity and full strength
5/5
54
How do you evaluate a ligament?
Elongating them by pushing or pulling on the bones they stabilize to assess for partial or complete tears
55
How do you evaluate joint surfaces?
Rubbing them against each other to assess for pain d/t trauma/arthritis/degeneration
56
How do you assess cartilage?
Gently squeezing them between bones or trying to find movements of the menisci that are excessive/painful/limited
57
What is trendelenburg's sign?
Falling of the hip d/t damage to the superior gluteal nerve (on the opposite side the falls)
58
What is genu valgum?
Knock knees
59
What is genu varus?
Bow legged
60
What is pes planus?
Flat foot
61
What is pes cavus?
high arches
62
Bouchard nodes/Heberden nodes + ?
Osteoarthritis
63
Swan neck or Ulnar deviation of the wrist = ?
RA
64
What are heberden's nodes?
Knobby knuckles caused by osteoarthritis
65
What is the swan neck deformity?
Flexed DIP + hyper extended PIP indicative of RA
66
What is boutonniere deformity?
flexed MIP + extended DIP
67
What is ankylosing spondylitis?
Chronic, inflammatory disease of the spine and sacroiliac joints when sacroiliac joints fuse
68
Loss of spinal curves can be seen in what two conditions?
Whiplash
| Spinal stenosis
69
What is a Spurling's test, and when is it positive? What does it test for?
Extension and rotation of the neck. Positive if pain is past the mid humerus
Tests for C5 compression
70
What is the distraction test for Spurling's test?
Positive if radicular symptoms are lessened or relieved by pulling up on the head
71
What does the straight leg raise test for?
Sciatic nerve irritation (L4, L5, S1)
72
What is Bragard's / Lasegue's test? What is it used to confirm
When SLR is +, limb is lowered just until pain is relieved, then ankle is dorsiflexed.
Confirms SLR
73
What is the Apley scratch test?
Assessment for ROM of the shoulder
Test int rotation, external rotation
74
What is neer's test? What does it test for?
raising arm above head, externally rotating
Tests for impingement
75
What is Hawkin's test? What does it test for?
Bring arm into plane, then internally rotate
76
What is the lift off test? What does it test for?
flex at the shoulder and internally rotate to wing scapular, then push back.
Tests for subscapularis
77
What is the arm drop test? What does it test for?
Drop the arm from an elevated position. Positive if the arm falls past 20ish degrees since deltoid cannot lift above that point
78
What is the apprehension test? What does it test for?
Flex forearm, abduct the arm with external rotation. If pain, then may be tear
79
What is Yergason's test? What does it test for?
Supinate forearm against resistance. Tests for biceps tendon
80
What is Speed's test?
Tests the biceps tendon
Arm is straight, palm up. Flex against resistance.
pain in anterior shoulder indicated biceps tendonopathy
81
What is the empty can test?
Tests the supraspinatus tendon
Arm abducted, internally rotated
82
What are the three things to inspect at the elbow?
Cubitus valgus
Cubitus varus
Atrophy
Bursitis
83
What is the appropriate way to test ROM of the elbow?
Elbows against the body to avoid shoulder involvement
84
What is Tennis elbow?
Lateral epicondylitis
85
What is Golfer's elbow?
Medial epicondylitis
86
What is carry angle?
The normal valgus angle between the upper arm and forearm with the elbow extended
87
What is the normal carry angle?
less than 20 degrees
88
What does the varus stress test, test for?
Radial collateral ligament instability
89
What does the valgus stress test, test for?
Ulnar collateral ligament instability
90
What does the tinel's sign, test for?
Cubital tunnel syndrome (ulnar entrapment neuropathy)
91
What is Cozen's test test for?
Lateral epicondylitis
92
What does the Maudsley's test, test for?
Lateral epicondylitis
93
What angle should the elbow be in to perform the varus and valgus stress test?
20 degrees
94
Where is Tinel's sign done to test for ulnar neuropathy?
Between the medial epicondyle and the olecronon
95
When does Tennis elbow (lateral epicondylitis) occur?
After repetitive wrist extension and supination
96
What is Cozen's test?
Resistance of wrist extension
Tests for lateral epicondylitis
97
What is Maudsley (3rd finger) test?
REsist the extension of the 3rd digit PIP joint
Tests for lateral epicondylitis
98
What is phalen's test?
Test for carpal tunnel
resist wrist extension
99
What is tinel's sign?
Tapping at the base of the thumb to assess for carpal tunnel
100
What is de Quervain's Tenosynovitis?
Swelling or stenosis of the sheath that surrounds the abductor pollicis longus and extensor pollicis brevis
101
What causes de Quervain's Tenosynovitis?
Direct injury or repetitive activity
102
What are the symptoms of de Quervain's Tenosynovitis?
Pinching, gripping wrist and thumb movements associated with pai
103
What is Finkelstein's test?
Tests for de Quervain's Tenosynovitis.
Thumb flexed and fingers"fisted" over thumb. Examiner twists wrist into ulnar deviation
104
TTP at the snuff box is indicative of what?
Scaphoid fracture
105
Palpable nodule at the DIP joint = ?
Herberden's node (for osteoarthritis)
106
Palpable nodule at the PIP joint = ?
Bouchard's nodes (for osteoarthritis)
107
Swelling at the MCPs, ulnar deviation of the fingers, and boutonniere deformities =?
RA
108
What is Dupuytren's contracture?
Fibrosis of palmar fascia with flexion contraction of the MCP and PIP joints.
Unable to extend 4th or 5th digits
109
What is trigger finger?
Ligamentous sheath swelling
Pain with flexion of the finger
110
Rupture of the palmar PIP ligament, synovitis - ?
Swan neck deformitiy
111
Rupture of central extensor tendon at its insertion into the middle phalanx = ?
Boutonniere's deformity
112
What is mallet finger?
Avulsion of extensor tendon at DIP joint
113
What does the APB test (I hope you know this muscle after anatomy, cause I sure as hell don't now)?
Median n
114
What does the ADM test?
Ulnar nerve
115
What is the grind test?
Pushing thumb and wiggling it. Tests for OA
116
What is the FABER (patrick) test?
Figure four position, tests sacroiliac joint vs hip cause of pain
117
Pain lateral in FABER test = ?
Hip
118
Pain medial/posterior with FABER test = ?
Sacroiliac cause of pain
119
What is Thmoas test?
That runner's stretch you never do
| Test hip flexors
120
What is Ober test?
Flex leg at the knee, let fall. If falls, then tight IT band
121
What is the ballottement test?
Tests for joint effusion
Push fluid down, then patella down
122
What does McMurray's test test for?
Medial and lateral meniscus injury
Flex hip, apply, varus/valgus stress, then bring back down
(whichever way you point the heel, is the meniscus you're testing)
123
What does Apley's compression test test for?
Meniscal tearing
| Compress a flexed leg and rotate it
124
What does Apley's distraction test test for?
Tests collateral ligaments
| Lifting a flexed leg and rotation, while pressing down on the posterior thigh, just above the knee
125
What does the anterior drawer test test in the ankle?
Lateral instability, ATF ligament tear
126
What does the talar tilt test test for?
Lateral instability in the ATF or CF
Tilt foot toward midline while applying anterior force on ankle
127
What does the ankle squeeze test test for?
High ankle sprain/ syndesmotic sprain/fracture
128
What does the ankle external rotation test test for?
Syndesmotic injury
