Neuro

Question 1

Most part of the neuro exam are objective/subjective?

Answer 1

Subjective

Question 2

Testing of the neuro system is predicated on what?

Answer 2

Normal function of cognition, AND other organ systems

Question 3

What are the “special” senses?

Answer 3

Sight
Hearing
Smell
Taste

Question 4

What are somato sensory fibers?

Answer 4

Senses for pain, cold etc

Question 5

True or false: right and left are divisions of the neuro system?

Answer 5

True

Question 6

What is the opposite of supratentorial?

Answer 6

Posterior fossa

Question 7

What are the three embryonic divisions of the brain?

Answer 7

Prosencephalon
Mesencephalon
Rhombencephalon

Question 8

What cranial nerves are associated with the parasympathetic system?

Answer 8

III, VII, Ix, and X

Question 9

What are the sacral levels of the para symp division?

Answer 9

S2, 3, 4

Question 10

What spinal levels comprise the sympathetic nervous system?

Answer 10

T1-L2

Question 11

How do you name spinal cord tracts?

Answer 11

From the origin of the signs, to its terminus

Question 12

What is the other name for the afferent signals?

Answer 12

Spinothalamic

Question 13

What is the other name for the efferent signals?

Answer 13

Corticospinal tracts

Question 14

True or false: mood and physical appearance are not part of the mental status assessment

Answer 14

False

Question 15

What does obtunded mean?

Answer 15

Obtundation refers to less than full alertness (altered level of consciousness), typically as a result of a medical condition or trauma.

Question 16

What are the components of AVPU?

Answer 16

Alert
Verbally responsive
responds to Pain
U = unresponsive

Question 17

What are the three major components of the Glasgow coma scale?

Answer 17

Eye opening
motor response
Verbal response

Question 18

What is the mini cog recall test?

Answer 18

Repeat 3 words back after some time

Question 19

When is a Folstein’s mini-mental status exam performed?

Answer 19

During a full H & P

Question 20

What is praxis?

Answer 20

Knowing how to use an object appropriately

Question 21

How do you check for CN 1 dysfunction?

Answer 21

Have pt occlude nostril, and identify scents

Question 22

How do you check for CN II dysfunction?

Answer 22

Visual acuity
Fundoscopic
Confrontation by fields

Question 23

What are muscles are you testing with eye movements?

Answer 23

III, IV, and IV (oculomotor, trochclear, and abducens)

Question 24

What is the innervation of the lateral recti?

Answer 24

LR6 (CN VI)

Question 25

What is the innervation of the superior oblique muscle?

Answer 25

SO4 (CN 4)

Question 26

What is the innervation of the majority of the eye muscles?

Answer 26

CN III

Question 27

What CN that innervates the eye, also supplies parasympathetic function?

Answer 27

CN III

Question 28

Internal torsion of the eye = what CN?

Answer 28

IV

Question 29

Lateral eye movement = which CN?

Answer 29

VI

Question 30

Lateral deviation of the eye = what muscle?

Answer 30

Lateral rectus

Question 31

medial deviation of the eye = what muscle?

Answer 31

Medial rectus

Question 32

Up and out movement of the eye = what muscle?

Answer 32

Superior oblique

Question 33

Up and in movement = what eye muscle?

Answer 33

Inferior oblique

Question 34

Down and out = what eye muscle?

Answer 34

Inferior rectus

Question 35

Down and in = what eye muscle?

Answer 35

Superior oblique

Question 36

Straight up eye movement = what eye muscle (s)?

Answer 36

Superior rectus and inferior oblique

Question 37

Straight down eye movement = what eye muscle (s)?

Answer 37

Inferior rectus and superior oblique

Question 38

PERRLA = which CN?

Answer 38

III

Question 39

What does the swinging flashlight test look for?

Answer 39

Marcus gun pupil (afferent vs efferent defect)

Question 40

Accommodation tests which eye muscle?

Answer 40

Ciliary muscles

Question 41

What are the three spots to test for the three division of the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 41

Forehead Maxillary region Mandibular region

Question 42

What are the muscles that are innervated by the trigeminal nerve?

Answer 42

The four muscles of mastication (the masseter, the temporal and the medial and lateral pterygoids. The other four muscles are the tensor veli palatini, the mylohyoid, the anterior belly of the digastric and the tensor tympani.

Question 43

What are the four muscles of mastication?

Answer 43

Masseter Temporal Medial and lateral pterygoids

Question 44

Besides the muscles of mastication, what other muscles does the trigeminal nerve supply motor function to?

Answer 44

Tensor veli palatini Mylohyoid Anterior digastric Tensor tympani

Question 45

What does CN VII supply sensory innervation to?

Answer 45

anterior 2/3 of the tongue

Question 46

What supplies the motor innervation to all of the facial muscles?

Answer 46

CN 7

Question 47

How can you distinguish between stroke and Bell's palsy?

Answer 47

unlike Bell's palsy, a stroke will usually let patients control the upper part of their faces. A person with a stroke will usually have some wrinkling of their forehead--**Bell's Palsy will NOT**

Question 48

What does CN VIII do?

Answer 48

hearing and balance

Question 49

How do you test CN VIII?

Answer 49

Whisper tests Weber/rinne Dix-hallpike

Question 50

What supplies tast innervation to the posterior 1/3 of the tongue?

Answer 50

CN IX

Question 51

What is the muscle that receives innervation from CN IX?

Answer 51

Posterior pharyngeal muscle

Question 52

What supplies parasympathetic fibers to the parotid gland?

Answer 52

Parotid

Question 53

How do you test for CN IX?

Answer 53

Gag reflex | Say "ahh"

Question 54

Damage to the recurrent vagus nerve produces what?

Answer 54

Hoarseness of the voice

Question 55

What is the motor supply to the posterior part of the tongue, pharynx, larynx?

Answer 55

CN X

Question 56

What does CN XI innervate?

Answer 56

SCM | Trap

Question 57

What does CN XII innervate?

Answer 57

Motor to the tongue

Question 58

In a central lesion, the tongue will deviate toward or away from the side of the lesion?

Answer 58

Away

Question 59

In a peripheral lesion, the tongue will deviate toward or away from the side of the lesion?

Answer 59

Toward

Question 60

How do you test for CN XII?

Answer 60

Push tongue towards each cheek

Question 61

What are the tests for motor function of the upper extremities?

Answer 61

1. Shoulder ab/adduction 2. Elbow flex/extend 3. Wrist extend/felx 4. Finger flexe/xtend

Question 62

What are the tests for motor function of the lower extremities?

Answer 62

1. Hip flexion/extension 2. Knee flexion/extension 3. Ankle flexion

Question 63

What is the nerve root for dorsiflexion of the ankle?

Answer 63

L4-5

Question 64

What is the nerve root for plantarflexion of the ankle?

Answer 64

S1

Question 65

What is the nerve root for inversion of the ankle?

Answer 65

L5

Question 66

What is the nerve root for eversion of the ankle?

Answer 66

L5

Question 67

What is the nerve root for dorsiflexion of the great toe?

Answer 67

L5

Question 68

What is the nerve root for planterflexion of the great toe?

Answer 68

S1

Question 69

Review muscle grading in the clin med foot lecture

Answer 69

***

Question 70

Paresis = what?

Answer 70

Weakness

Question 71

Plegia or paralysis = ?

Answer 71

Cannot move

Question 72

What is the bulk examination for muscles?

Answer 72

Palpate for atrophy

Question 73

Upper motor neuron lesions = ?

Answer 73

Spasticity/hypertonia

Question 74

Biceps reflex = what Cervical nerve level?

Answer 74

C5

Question 75

Triceps reflex = what Cervical nerve level?

Answer 75

C7

Question 76

Brachioradialis reflex = what Cervical nerve level?

Answer 76

C6

Question 77

Patellar reflex = what Cervical nerve level?

Answer 77

L3-L4

Question 78

Calcaneal tendon reflex = what Cervical nerve level?

Answer 78

S1

Question 79

What is 4/4 reflex called?

Answer 79

Clonus

Question 80

What is clonus?

Answer 80

Rhythmic series of muscle contractions induced by stretching the tendon

Question 81

What is the babinski sign? Who is this normal in? How do you describe it in a note?

Answer 81

Foot thing Normal for infants Upgoing or downgoing

Question 82

What are primary sensory modalities? What does this test?

Answer 82

Light touch, pain, temp etc Tests afferent pathways

Question 83

What are secondary modalities?

Answer 83

Point localization, extinction, two point discrimination test

Question 84

Vit B12 deficiency affects which sensory modality?

Answer 84

Primary

Question 85

Where are the primary sensory modalities housed?

Answer 85

Posterior dorsal columns

Question 86

How do you test for Primary modalities?

Answer 86

Vibrating tuning fork

Question 87

What is stereognosis?

Answer 87

the ability to perceive and recognize the form of an object in the absence of visual and auditory information, by using tactile information

Question 88

Superficial pain fibers are of what type? Superficial touch?

Answer 88

Superficial pain = small | Superficial touch = semi-myelinated

Question 89

How do you test for proprioception?

Answer 89

Close eyes, move their limb for them. Ask them which way it was moved

Question 90

What is Graphesthesia? What does this test?

Answer 90

the ability to recognize writing on the skin purely by the sensation of touch Tests secondary

Question 91

What is cerebellar testing?

Answer 91

Assessment of coordination

Question 92

Is cerebellar specific/sensitive?

Answer 92

Sensitive, but not specific

Question 93

How do you assess cerebellar? How many tests do you need?

Answer 93

Rapid alternating movement Gait/balance Need one test in each of four areas

Question 94

What is the result of a normal cerebellar test?

Answer 94

Diadochokinesia

Question 95

What is the result of a ABnormal cerebellar test?

Answer 95

Dysdiadochokinesia

Question 96

What are the "point to point" movements of the cerebellar test?

Answer 96

Finger to nose FNF H2S

Question 97

What does the Romberg test, test for?

Answer 97

Proprioception (NOT cerebellar)

Question 98

Look up forward and retropulsion in Parkinsons

Answer 98

***

Question 99

What is tandem gait?

Answer 99

Heel-toe walking

Question 100

What is the cerebellar gait?

Answer 100

Wide gait, swaying trunk, | fall toward side of lesion

Question 101

Which side is affected in pronator drift (the affected or unaffected side)

Answer 101

Affected

Question 102

What is Brudzinski's sign?

Answer 102

With pt supine, passive flexion of the neck causes involuntary flexion of the hips

Question 103

What is Kernig's sign?

Answer 103

With pt supine, hip and knee flexed, attempt to passively extend the knee in painful and cannot be done