Skin n' such

Question 1

What are the three functions of the skin? (4)

Answer 1

Protection
Thermoregulation
Sensation
VIt D synthesis

Question 2

How does the skin help regulate BP?

Answer 2

Constriction/dilation of capillaries

Question 3

What are the three layers of the skin?

Answer 3

Epidermis
Dermis
Subcutaneous tissue

Question 4

What is the outermost layer of the skin, and is composed of dead epithelial cells?

Answer 4

Stratum corneum

Question 5

What is the layer below the stratum corneum?

Answer 5

Stratum lucidum

Question 6

What is the layer below the stratum lucidum?

Answer 6

Stratum granulosum

Question 7

What is the layer below the stratum granulosum?

Answer 7

Stratum spinosum

Stratum basale

Question 8

What is the layer below the stratum basale?

Answer 8

Dermis

Question 9

Which layer of the skin is only found in thick skin?

Answer 9

Stratum lucidum

Question 10

What are the two layers of the epidermis?

Answer 10

Stratum corneum

Cellular stratum

Question 11

What is the layer of the epidermis that contains melanin and keratin?

Answer 11

Stratum basale

Question 12

What are the five layers of the epidermis, in order from top to bottom?

Answer 12

Stratum Corneum
Stratum lucidum
Stratum granulosum
Stratum Spinosum
Stratum basale

Question 13

Which layer of the epidermis has dying (not totally dead yet), anuclear cells?

Answer 13

Stratum lucidum

Question 14

What are the two stypes of sweat glands?

Answer 14

Eccrine sweat glands (skin)

Apocrine sweat glands (armpits)

Question 15

What are the two types of hair?

Answer 15

Vellus (short, fine, unpigmented hair)

Terminal hair (coarse hair on scalp, eyebrows)

Question 16

True or false: the fingernails can provide evidence of systemic diseases

Answer 16

True

Question 17

Brown linear spots beneath the fingernail is indicative for what?

Answer 17

Endocarditis

Question 18

What does clubbing of the nail indicate?

Answer 18

Heart or lung diseases

Question 19

What does yellow nail indicate?

Answer 19

Psoriasis, fungal, or chronic respiratory issues

Question 20

What does darkening of the nail indicate?

Answer 20

Drugs, candida

Question 21

What does green to black fingernails indicative of?

Answer 21

Pseudomonas infx or injury

Question 22

What does a single blue or black nail indicate?

Answer 22

Melanoma or injury

Question 23

What do blue nails indicate?

Answer 23

Cyanosis, asthma, anemia

Question 24

What do longitudinal red or brown streaks in the fingernails indicate?

Answer 24

Endocarditis

Question 25

What is schamroth sign?

Answer 25

Seeing a diamond shape window when ring fingers are juxtaposed

Question 26

What are the 10 items that the schamroth sign is indicative of?

Answer 26

1. Respiratory disorders 2. Lung tumors 3. Bronchiectatsis 4. CF 5. Empyema 6. Interstitial fibrosis 7. Congenital heat disease 8. Liver cirrhosis 9. Subacute endocarditis 10. Hereditary

Question 27

What are the "ABCDEs" of melanoma?

Answer 27

``` A- Asymmetry B- irregular Borders C - Variation in color D - Diameter >6mm E - Evolution of change is size ```

Question 28

What is the most common skin CA?

Answer 28

Basal cell carcinoma

Question 29

True or false: basal cell carcinoma is usually lethal?

Answer 29

False

Question 30

What is the cause of basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 30

Sun exposure

Question 31

What are the characteristics of basal cell carcinoma? (color, bleed easily, morphology)

Answer 31

Pearly/waxy papule that bleeds easily central crater with rolled borders

Question 32

What is the treatment for basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 32

Excision or cryotherapy

Question 33

What is the second most common skin CA?

Answer 33

Squamous cell carcinoma

Question 34

True or false: squamous cell carcinoma is more dangerous than basal cell carcinoma?

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Where does squamous cell carcinoma usually begin?

Answer 35

head, neck, oral

Question 36

What does squamous cell carcinoma look like? Does it grow slow or fast?

Answer 36

Scaling crusting telangiectasis Raised nodule or shallow ulcer. Grow slowly

Question 37

What is the treatment for squamous cell carcinoma?

Answer 37

Excision or radiation

Question 38

True or false: melanoma requires immediate attention

Answer 38

True

Question 39

What is the most common cause of death from skin CA?

Answer 39

Melanoma

Question 40

What does melanoma look like?

Answer 40

all the ABCDs are off

Question 41

Where do you always palpate/inspect when you find a melanoma?

Answer 41

Local (sentinel) lymph nodes

Question 42

What is the best type of light to use when inspecting for skin issues?

Answer 42

Natural light

Question 43

What are the worrisome symptoms for moles? (ABCD things)

Answer 43

1. varied appearance 2. Irregular borders 3. Fades in surrounding skin 4. Greater than 6 mm

Question 44

What is the white part at the base of a fingernail called?

Answer 44

Lunula

Question 45

What is the small bit of skin at the base of a fingernail called?

Answer 45

Proximal nail fold