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Clinical Med > Peds Thorax > Flashcards

Peds Thorax Flashcards

(45 cards)

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1
Q

How does the AP diameter in peds compare to those of adults?

A

decreases through the first 3 years of life

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2
Q

How does the diaphragm attach in peds compared to adults?

A

Angle of insertion is horizontal in infants, leading to lower contraction efficiency

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3
Q

When does alveolar multiplication stop?

A

until thoracic growth is complete–around two years of age

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4
Q

Who has more alveoli after two yo: boys or girls?

A

Boys

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5
Q

When are the capillaries grown to the adult form?

A

2-3 yo

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6
Q

Why are children more susceptible to respiratory distress?

A

not enough growth

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7
Q

What is the first step of child’s peds exam?

A

ABCs (airways, breathing, circulation)

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8
Q

What is the RR at birth and less than 28 days old?**

A

40-60**

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9
Q

How do infants breathe?

A

Obligate nasal breather

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10
Q

What is the normal breathing pattern in infants?

A

Periodic breathing

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11
Q

What is apnea considered for children?

A

greater than 20 seconds

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12
Q

What is the only way to count the number of breaths for infants?

A

counts over a minute

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13
Q

What are the six pertinent symptoms that can change breathing?

A
  1. High Fever
  2. Not Eating
  3. Color change (red is okay, blue is bad)
  4. Nasal congestion
  5. Cough
  6. Sudden onset (FB?)
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14
Q

Coughing to the point of vomiting for children is indicative of what preventable disease?

A

Pertussis

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15
Q

What are the signs of respiratory distress in infants?

A
  1. Rate and effort
  2. Retractions
  3. Nasal flaring
  4. Head bobbing
  5. Grunting
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16
Q

Where are retractions seen in children? (3)

A
  1. Suprasternal
  2. Subcostal
  3. Intercostal
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17
Q

What are the five aspects of the cardiac exam for peds?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Lungs
  3. Liver
  4. Skin
  5. Pulses
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18
Q

What is acrocyanosis?

A

Normal cyanosis in the fingers/extremities

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19
Q

When is cyanosis worrisome in children?

Study These Flashcards
A

Central cyanosis

20
Q

What is the hyperoxitest? Result interpretation?

Study These Flashcards
A

Check ABG, provide 100% PaO2.

Rise or pO2 > 100mmHg the cause is probably pulmonary. If no rise, cardiac

21
Q

Where is the heart listened to in peds?

Study These Flashcards
A

midclavicular line, 4th or 5th intercostal space (same as adult)

22
Q

What are three conditions that can cause a heart shift?

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. Pneumothorax
  2. Dextrocardia
  3. Diaphragmatic hernia
23
Q

What is the normal newborn HR?

24
Q

A fixed HR above 220 in children can be indicative of what?

Study These Flashcards
A

Supraventricular tachycardia

25
Which sound is higher in pitch; S1 or S2?
S2
26
True or false: splitting of the heart sounds in common in infants
True
27
True or false: murmurs are common in the newborn in the first 1-3 days
True
28
What causes most murmurs in newborns?
Changes in vascular pressures during early transition after birth
29
What is a machinery murmur indicative of?
PDA
30
A bounding pulse in infants can indicative of what?
PDA
31
Diminished femoral pulses may be due to what?
Aortic coarctation
32
What is the order of the femoral artery, nerve, and vein, going medially to laterally?
VAN
33
What is a hypertensive BP in infants?
>80/50
34
True or false: sinus arrhythmia is less common in peds than in adults?
False--more common
35
What are innocent murmurs? (3)
1. Midsystolic 2. 2-3/6 intensity 3. Maximally heard at the mid left sternal border
36
When are murmurs common?
3-7 years of age
37
After what age as murmurs concerning?
After 7 yo
38
What happens when children lie supine (as far as murmurs go)?
Heard better
39
What happens when children sit/stand up or hold their breath (as far as murmurs go)?
Heard less
40
What happens to murmurs in instances of increased metabolic rate?
More pronounced
41
Which murmurs are always concerning? (4)
Diastolic Loud Central cyanosis Abnorm pulses
42
What is a normal cap refill for children?
Under 2 seconds
43
Where should the extremity be when cap refill is assessed?
Above the heart
44
How does the diaphragm attach in peds compared to adults, and what is the consequence of this?
Diaphragm is more horizontal in infants, leading to decreased contraction efficiency
45
True or false: an enlarged liver may be an early sign of heart failure in peds
True

Clinical Med (30 decks)

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