Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia

Question 1

What are the main agents that can cause a hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 1

• Pseudomonas aeruginosa
• Escherichia coli
• Klebsiella pneumoniae
• Acinetobacter species, MSSA, MRSA
• Aspirated oral flora

Question 2

What are the treatment principles of hospital-acquired pneumonia?

Answer 2

• No MDR risk factors (or low-risk ward, or ICU < 5 days)
  
  • Amoxyclav oral OR ceftriaxone IV
• MDR risk factors (e.g. ICU < 5 days
  
  • Piperacillin AND tazobactam
• Directed therapy as sputum MCS becomes available