Immunological Emergencies Flashcards Preview

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Flashcards in Immunological Emergencies Deck (19)
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1
Q

Cellular immunity

A

Specialized WBCs, T cells, that attack and destroy invaders.

2
Q

Humoral immunity

A

B cell lymphocytes produce antibodies that dissolve in plasma and lymph to wage war on invading organisms.

3
Q

Action and location of IgA

A

Action : localized protection to mucous membranes. Levels can be lowered by stress.
Location : tears, saliva, breast milk, GI secretions, blood, and lymph.

4
Q

Action and location of IgD

A

Action : stimulates antibody-producing cells to make antibodies
Location : blood, lymph, and surface of B cells

5
Q

Action and location of IgE

A

Action: responds in allergic reaction

Location : mast and basophil cells

6
Q

Action and location of IgG

A

Action : protection against bacteria and viruses; enhances phagocytosis; neutralizes toxins triggers the complement system
Location : blood, lymph, intestines

7
Q

Action and location of IgM

A

Action : fir antibody to appear; causes agglutination and lysis of microbes.
Location : blood, lymph, and surface of B cells

8
Q

Chemical mediators

A

Histamine
Leukotrienes
Platelet-activating factor
Serotonin

9
Q

Physiologic effects of histamine

A
Systemic vasodilation
Increased permeability of blood vessels
Decreased cardiac contractility
Decreased coronary blood flow
Dysrhythmias
Bronchoconstriction
Pulmonary vasoconstriction
10
Q

Physiologic effects of leukotrienes

A
Vascular permeability
Bronchoconstriction
Decreased force of cardiac contraction
Decreased coronary blood flow
Dysrhythmias
11
Q

Physiologic effects of platelet-activating factor

A

Platelet aggregation

Causes histamine release

12
Q

Physiologic effect of serotonin

A

Pulmonary vasoconstriction

Bronchoconstriction

13
Q

What should you evaluate when performing a skin exam?

A
Erythema
Rashes
Edema
Moisture
Pruritus
Urticaria
Pallor
cyanosis
Bite/sting marks
14
Q

When should you consider second dose of epinephrine?

A

No improvement after 5 minutes
Decreased mental status
Increased breathing difficulty
Decreased BP

15
Q

Management of anaphylaxis

A
Remove offending agent
Position patient as appropriate
Apply high-flow oxygen or assist with ventilations
Obtain IV access
Give fluid resuscitation as needed
Administer epi and antihistamine as indicated
Transport promptly
Frequently reassess
Psychologic support
16
Q

Late sign of an allergic reaction.

A

Cyanotic, cool skin

Hypotension

17
Q

s/s of insect stings and bites

A

Sudden pain, swelling, localized heat
Widespread urticaria
Redness
Itching, wheal

18
Q

Management of insect stings

A
Remove stinger
Position injection site below level of the heart.
Apply ice or cold packs to the area
NPO
Supine if indicated and oxygen PRN
19
Q

Patient education on anaphylaxis and allergic reactions should include:

A

Avoid the antigen
Notify all health personnel of the allergy
Wear ID tags or bracelets
Report sxs early