Pharmacology Flashcards
(49 cards)
Albuterol (Proventil, Ventolin)
Class: sympathetic, bronchodilator
MOA: beta-2 AGONIST stimulates adrenergic receptors of SNS causing smooth muscle relaxation of bronchial tree and peripheral vasculature
Indications: bronchospasm w/ reversible obstructive airway disease; prevention of exercise induced asthma
Contraindications: hypersensitivity, tachycardia, dysrhythmias,
Adverse reactions/side effects: JA. fatigue, light-headedness, irritability, restlessness, agreesive behavior, pulmonary edema, hoarsness,nasal congestion, sputum, HTN, tachycardia, dysarrhythmuas, CP, palpitations, n/v, dry mouth, epigastric pain, tremors
Drug interactions: TCA, beta blockers (pulmonary affections_, hypokalemia secondary to diuretics
Route: inhalation (neb or MDI)
Dosage: Adult - 2.5mg. Dilute in 0.5mL 5% solution w/ 2.5mL NL saline in nebulizer over 10 - 15 minutes. MDI 1-2 inhalations and wait 5-10 mins b/n inhalations. Peds - <20 kg. 1.25mg/dose mask over 20 minutes. >20 kg 2.5mg dose via handheld x 20 minutes. Repeat ONCE in 20 minutes.
Duration of action: onset: 5-15 minutes. Peak effect: 30 min - 2 hours. Duration: 3 - 4 hours
Special considerations: Pregnant pt - angina pectoris and dysrhythmia. May need to be coached for proper use.
10 rights of medication administration
Right patient Right medication Right dose Right route Right time Right documentation and reporting Right assessment Right to refuse Right evaluation Right patient education
Definition of chemical name.
Medications precise description of the drug’s chemical composition and molecule structure.
Definition of official name.
Name assigned by USP. Generally followed by USP.
Definition of trade name.
Brand name that a manufacturer gives to a medication. (i.e. Advil, Nitrostat)
Definition of generic name.
Original chemical name, not capitalized, and usually suggested by the first manufacturer and approved by FDA. (i.e. ibuprofen, nitroglycerin)
Pure Food and Drug Act
- First federal legislation in the US aimed at protecting the public from mislabeled, poisonous, or otherwise harmful foods, medications, and alcoholic beverages.
Classification of Controlled Substances
Schedule I - high abuse potential; no medical purpose. (i.e. heroin, THC, LSD)
Schedule II - high abuse potential; legitimate medical purpose. (i.e. Fentanyl, Ritalin, cocaine)
Schedule III - less potential for abuse than II. (i.e. Vicodin, Tylenol #3 w/ codeine, ketamine)
Schedule IV - less potential for abuse than III. (i.e. diazepam, lorazepam)
Schedule V - less potential for abuse than IV. (i.e. narcotic cough meds)
Regulations of US falls under the jurisdiction by what agencies?
FDA
DEA
Public Health Service
Federal Trade Commission (FTC)
Role of FDA
Determines the safety and efficacy of drugs before they are allowed to enter the market.
Role of DEA
Division of Justice Department responsible for executing Controlled Substance Act including registration of physician who are permitted to dispense controlled substances.
Role of Public Health Service
Regulates biological products - medications with living organisms such as vaccines and antitoxins
Role of FTC
Monitors drug advertising and ensure it is not misleading or inappropriate. Involved in direct-to-consume advertisements.
Alpha-1 receptor
Peripheral vasoconstriction
Alpha-2 receptor
Peripheral vasodilation
Little or no bronchodilation
Beta-1 receptor
Increased HR
Increased automaticity
Increased contractility
Increased conductivity
Guidelines for providing drug therapy.
Understand pharmacology
Use correct precautions and technique
Observe and document the effects of medication
Obtain pt drug hx and drug reactions
Perform evaluation to identify drug indications and contraindications
Establish and maintain professional relationship
Keep your knowledge base current for charges and trends in pharmacology
Seek drug reference literature
Consult with medical direction
Sympathomimetic medications.
Mimic effects of SNS hormones epinephrine and norepinephrine.
Sympatholytic medications
Block the actions of SNS
Antagonist medications
Counteracts the action of something else, has an affinity for cell receptor, and can prevent the cell from responding when it binds to a receptor.
Agonist medications
Mimics the action of a specific neurotransmitter or hormone by binding to the specific receptor of the naturally occurring substance.
Beta blocker medications
Common class of cardiac drugs that blocks beta effects, causing a decrease in the workload of the heart by reducing the speed contraction and reducing BP.
Parasympathomimetic medications
Produce the same effects as PNS. AKA cholinergic.
Parasympatholytics medications
Blocks the actions of the PNS. AKA anticholinergics.
