Final Exam

Question 1

Cells convert glucose into energy by what two methods?

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Krebs cycle

Question 2

s/s heat stroke

Answer 2

No sweating
Throbbing headache
Hot, red, dry skin
N/V
AMS

Question 3

s/s heat exhaustion

Answer 3

Heavy sweating
Weakness or fainting
Cold, pale and clammy skin
N/V
Muscle cramps

Question 4

When should you have a high index of suspicion?

Answer 4

Acute medical, traumatic, psychiatric, social condition w/ possible life-threatening or life-altering outcomes

Question 5

Examples of when you should have a high index of suspicion

Answer 5

MOI
Severity of injury or illness
Abnormal vital signs
Altered
SI or HI
Healthcare provider indicates change in PT condition

Question 6

EMTALA

Answer 6

Applies to any hospital/health system that accepts payment from the Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for MEDICARE AND MEDICAID SERVICES (CMS)

Question 7

5 Stages of Grief

Answer 7

Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 8

How do you clean a tracheostomy?

Answer 8

Ask the caregiver to assist if available.

If not, clean cannula with 1/2 hydrogen peroxide and 1/2 water.

Question 9

What can you rule out by diffuse abdominal pain?

Answer 9

Not much - hard to determine an organ of origin w/o location

Question 10

Contraindication of D50

Answer 10

Intracranial hemorrhage

Question 11

Types of on-line medication direction

Answer 11

Telephone

Radio

Question 12

Types of off-line medication direction

Answer 12

Protocols

Standing orders

Question 13

Trauma Triad of Death

Answer 13

Acidosis
Coagulopathy
Hypothermia

Question 14

Responsibilities of the triage supervisor

Answer 14

# of pts in each category
Resources needed

Question 15

What does epigastric mean?

Answer 15

Epi - above

grastric - stomach

Question 16

Anaphylaxis vs anaphylactoid

Answer 16

Present the same except anaphylactoid has no previous exposure.

Question 17

What is an allergic reaction?

Answer 17

Occurs when the immune system overreacts to a harmless substance known as an allergen.

Question 18

If you are driving and your partners says delivery of fetus is imminent, what do you do?

Answer 18

Pull over
Assist w/ delivery
Assist w/ newborn resuscitation if needed
Continue transport

Question 19

Where should you place the AED pads if a pacemaker is present?

Answer 19

At least 1” away from pacemaker

Question 20

Postpartum eclampsia

Answer 20

Seizures that occur w/in 24 hours post birth

Question 21

Pediatric dose of activated charcoal

Answer 21

1g/kg

Question 22

GEMS Diamond

Answer 22

Geriatric patients : normal aging, atypical presentation
Environmental assessment : safety, neglect
Medical assessment : PMH, medications
Social assessment : basic needs, social network

Question 23

Which valves of the heart are considered AV valves?

Answer 23

Tricuspid valve

Mitral valve

Question 24

What does atrioventricular stand for?

Answer 24

Atria - from the atrium

ventricular - to the ventricles

Question 25

Financial concerns through lifespan development in adulthood

Answer 25

Young adults : establishing careers, young children at home Middle adults : preparing for retirement Older adults : fixed incomes or chronic illness and unable to work

Question 26

HHS

Answer 26

``` Hyperglycemia Dehydration Osmolality Electrolyte Deficits NO KETOSIS/ACIDOSIS - no fruity odor on breath ```

Question 27

Complications of central venous catheters

Answer 27

``` Local infection Bloodstream infection Occlusion Bleeding Dislodgement ```

Question 28

CSF leak

Answer 28

signs : clear fluid from nose or ears Can occur spontaneously Commonly found after head trauma

Question 29

What makes up the shoulder joint?

Answer 29

Glenoid fossa | Head of the humerus

Question 30

Standard Licensure Requirements for AEMT

Answer 30

1. Basic EMT license or higher 2. Completion of state-approved AEMT course that meets or exceeds National Emergency Medical Services Education 3. Current CPR-BLS for "Healthcare Provider" or equivalent 4. Completion of National Registry cognitive and psychomotor exams

Question 31

Conduction

Answer 31

Transfer of heat from body part to a colder object or substance by direct contact

Question 32

Convection

Answer 32

Heat is transferred to circulating air

Question 33

Evaporation

Answer 33

Body sweats to cool itself

Question 34

Radiation

Answer 34

Loss of body heat directly to colder object in the environment by radiant energy

Question 35

Conversion of kg to mcg, mcg to kg

Answer 35

kg to mcg = kg - g - mg - mcg x each by 1000 | mcg to kg = mcg - mg - g - kg / by a 1000

Question 36

Class I hemorrhage

Answer 36

``` Blood loss (mL) : Up to 750 Blood loss (%) : Up to 15% Pulse rate : <100 BP : nl Pulse pressure : nl or increased Respiratory rate : 14-20 Urine output : >30 CNS/mental status : slightly anxious Fluid replacement : crystalloid ```

Question 37

Class II hemorrhage

Answer 37

``` Blood loss (mL) : 750-1500 Blood loss (%) : 15-30% Pulse rate : 100-120 BP : nl Pulse pressure : decreased Respiratory rate : 20-30 Urine output : 20-30 CNS/mental status : mildly anxious Fluid replacement : crystalloid ```

Question 38

Class III hemorrhage

Answer 38

``` Blood loss (mL) : 1500-2000 Blood loss (%) : 30-40% Pulse rate : 120-140 BP : decreased Pulse pressure : decreased Respiratory rate : 30-40 Urine output : 5-15 CNS/mental status : anxious, confused Fluid replacement : crystalloid and blood ```

Question 39

Class IV hemorrhage

Answer 39

``` Blood loss (mL) : >2000 Blood loss (%) : >40% Pulse rate : >140 BP : decreased Pulse pressure : decreased Respiratory rate : >35 Urine output : negligible CNS/mental status : confused, lethargic Fluid replacement : crystalloid and blood ```

Question 40

ACTH

Answer 40

Hypothalamus secretes ACTH ACTH targets adrenal cortex and causes cortisol to be secreted Cortisol increases cell energy production (During times of stress)

Question 41

Articular cartilage

Answer 41

Cushion to protect bones from damage and wear. Allows ends of bones to glide over each other easily.

Question 42

Sympathetic nervous system

Answer 42

Fight or flight response Vagus nerve causes : Increased HR, dilate bronchi, inhibits digestion, stimulates glucose release, stimulated epi and norepi release, inhibit peristalsis and secretions, relaxes bladder Ganglion : inhibits salivation Pupils dilate