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Advanced EMT > Terrorism Response and Disaster Management > Flashcards

Terrorism Response and Disaster Management Flashcards

1
Q

B-NICE

A

Biological Nuclear Incendiary Chemical and Explosive weapons

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2
Q

CBRNE

A

Chemical, Biologic, Radiologic, Nuclear, and Explosive weapons

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3
Q

During a WMD call, you should stage your vehicle ____ from the incident.

A

1-2 blocks

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4
Q

Vesicant agents consist of :

A

sulfur mustard, lewisite, and phosgene oxime

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5
Q

Signs of vesicant exposure to skin

A 
Skin irritation, burning, and reddening
Immediate, intense skin pain
Formation of large blisters
Gray discoloration of skin
Swollen and closed or irritated eyes
Permanent eye injury
Inhaled: 
Hoarseness and stridor
Severe cough
Hemoptysis
Severe dyspnea
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6
Q

Signs and symptoms of mustard gas exposure produces :

A

4-6 hours after exposure

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7
Q

Mutagen is considered a mutagen which means?

A

It mutates, damages, and changes the structures of cells.

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8
Q

Characteristics of mustard gas

A

Brownish, yellowish oily substance
Smell of garlic or mustard
Affects moist, damp areas more - respiratory, armpits, groin

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9
Q

Difference between mustard gas and lewisite/phosgene oxime.

A

Onset of symptoms form more rapidly in lewisite and phosgene oxime exposures.

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10
Q

s/s of chloride exposure

A 
Upper airway irritation
Choking sensation 
SOB
Tightness of chest
Hoarseness and stridor
Gasping and coughing
Pulmonary edema
Complete airway constriction
Death
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11
Q

Management of pulmonary agents

A 
Aggressively manage ABCs with particular attention to oxygenation, ventilation, and suctioning.
Do not allow pt to be active.
Gain IV access
Position of comfort w/ head elevated
Initiate prompt transport
Consider ALS
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12
Q

Characteristics of phosgene

A

Pulmonary agent
Delayed onset of sxs
Freshly mowed grass or hay odor

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13
Q

s/s of phosgene exposure

A 
Mild :
Nausea
Tightness of chest
Severe cough
DOE
Severe: 
Dyspnea at rest
Excessive pulmonary edema
Hypovolemia
Hypotension
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14
Q

Characteristics of sarin (GB)

A

Nerve agent
Highly volatile colorless and odorless liquid.
Turns from liquid to gas w/in seconds to minutes @ room temp.
Respiratory tract main route.

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15
Q

Characteristic of soman (GD)

A

Nerve agent
Twice as persistent as sarin and 5x as lethal.
Fruity odor
Additive causes it to bind to cell to attack faster.
Skin absorption and respiratory tract route.

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16
Q

Characteristics of tabun (GA)

A

Nerve agent
Half as lethal as sarin and 36 x more persistent.
Remains present for several days.
Fruity odor
Skin absorption and respiratory tract transmission route.

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17
Q

Characteristics of V agent (VX)

A

Nerve agent
Clear oily agent with no odor and looks like baby oil.
100 x more lethal than sarin and extremely persistent.

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18
Q

DUMBELS mnemonic

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis, muscle weakness
Bradycardia, bronchospasm, bronchorrhea
Emesis
Lacrimation
Seizures, salivation, sweating
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19
Q

SLUDGEM

A 
Salivation, sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation
Gastric upset and cramps
Emesis
Muscle twitching/miosis
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20
Q

What is the most common symptom of nerve agent exposure?

A

Miosis

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21
Q

DuoDote Auto-Injection

A

Contains 2.1 mg of atropine and 600 mg of pralidoxime chloride (2-PAM)

22
Q

Pathophysiology of Duo-Dote

A

Atropine blocks nerve agent

2-PAM eliminates agent from body

23
Q

s/s of metabolic agents

A 
Low doses: 
Dizziness
Light-headedness
Headache
Vomiting
Higher doses:
SOB, gasping respirations
Respiratory distress or arrest
Tachypnea
Flushed skin
Tachycardia
AMS
Seziures
Coma
Apnea 
Cardiac arrest
24
Q

Cyanide

A

Metabolic agent
Colorless gas
Similar odor to almonds
Affects body’s ability to use oxygen

25
Q

Cyande treatment

A 
Remove all clothing
Decontaminate
Support ABCs
IV access
Aggressive oxygenation and ventilation w/ supplemental oxygen for severe exposure
Always use BVM 
ALS if no antidote available
26
Q

Biologic agents are grouped as

A

Viruses
Bacteria
Neurotoxins

27
Q

Characteristics of smallpox

A

Virus biologic agent
Most contagious when blisters begin to form
PPE : HEPA-filter, gloves, eye protection

28
Q

s/s of smallpox

A 
High fever
Body aches
Headaches
Rash - identical in development, begin on face and extremities
Blister
29
Q

Characteristics of viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs)

A

Virus biological agent
Group of diseases caused by Ebola, Rift Valley, Marburg, and yellow fever.
Causes blood in the body to seep out of tissues and blood vessels.

30
Q

s/s of VHFs

A

Sudden onset of fever, weakness, muscle pain, headache, and sore throat.
Followed by vomiting and internal and external bleeding.

31
Q

Characteristics of antrhax

A

Bacterial biological agent
Routes - inhalation, cutaneous, GI
Inhalation deadliest
Treatment - abx

32
Q

s/s of anthrax

A 
Flulike sxs
Fever
respiratory distress w/ tachycardia
Shock
Pulmonary edema
Respiratory failure after 3-5 days of flulike sxs
33
Q

Medical management of anthrax

A

Pulmonary : Standard precautions, oxygen, ventilatory support, and transport
cutaneous : standard precautions, apply dry sterile dressing to prevent accidental contact w/ wounds and fluids

34
Q

Medical management of smallpox

A

Standard precautions

Support ABCs

35
Q

Medical management of VHF

A

Standard precautions
Support ABCs
Tx for shock and hypotension of present

36
Q

Characteristics of plague

A

Bacterial biological agent

Natural vectors are rodents and fleas

37
Q

Bubonic plague

A

Infects lymphatic system causing them to grow large and round, forming buboes. Infection may spread through the body leading to sepsis and possible death. Not contagious.

38
Q

Pneumonic plague

A

Lung infection that results from inhalation of plague bacteria. Contagious and much higher death rate than bubonic.

39
Q

Medical management of plague agents

A

Standard precautions
Supportive ABCs
Oxygen if indicated

40
Q

s/s of botulinum toxin

A 
Dry mouth
Intestinal obstruction
Urinary retention
Constipation
N/V
Abnormal pupil dilation
Blurred vision, dipoplia, drooping eyelids
Dysphagia, difficulty speaking
Respiratory failure
41
Q

Medical management of botulinum toxin

A

Supportive ABCs

Ventilatory support if paralysis of respiratory muscles

42
Q

Characteristics of botulinum

A

Neurotoxin

Affects nervous system’s function. Eventually muscle paralysis occurs beginning in head and face, spreading downward.

43
Q

Characteristics of ricin

A

Neurotoxin
Mash left from castor bean
1-3 mg is lethal
Least toxic by oral rout due to poor absorption.

44
Q

s/s of ingested ricin

A 
4-8 hours after exposure
Fever
Chills
Headache
Muscle aches
N/V/D
Severe abdominal cramping Dehydration
GI bleeding
Necrosis of liver, spleen, kidneys, and GI
45
Q

s/s of inhaled ricin

A 
4-8 hours after exposure
Fever
Chills
Nausea
Local irritation of eyes, nose, and throat
Profuse sweating
Headache
Muscle aches
Nonproductive cough
CP
Dyspnea
Pulmonary edema
Severe lung inflammation
Cyanosis
Seizures
Respiratory failure
46
Q

Medical management of ricin exposure

A

Support ABCs
IV access and nl saline for dehydration
Early intubation for pulmonary edema

47
Q

Ionizing radiation

A

Energy emitted in the form of rays or particles

48
Q

Alpha radiation

A

Least harmful

Cannot penetrate through most objects (paper, skin)

49
Q

Beta radiation

A

Slightly more penetration than alpha.

Requires layer of clothing to stop it.

50
Q

Gamma (x-ray) radiation

A

Travels faster and has more energy than alpha and beta.

Easily penetrate though human body and require lead or several inches of concrete to prevent penetration.

51
Q

Neutron radiation

A

Most powerful

Easily penetrate through lead and require several feet of concrete to stop them.

Advanced EMT (33 decks)

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