Important Concepts from Unit 5 notes

Question 1

true/false: worldviews can change over time

Answer 1

true

Question 2

______: the social beliefs, practices, or senses of self that make the existing organization of social relations, no matter how unequal they may be, appear simply natural and right, or otherwise encourage us to reproduce existing systems of power and inequality even when we recognize them as unfair

Answer 2

ideology

Question 3

true/false: ideology isn’t always linked to power and inequality, like worldview

Answer 3

false, it ALWAYS is

Question 4

art and other expressive forms are often ___: they may serve as a commentary on cultural and social beliefs, behaviours and identities

Answer 4

reflexive

Question 5

anthropologist ____, notes how telling jokes is sometimes a strategy used by the Aymara people of Bolivia to ease otherwise uncomfortable social situations

Answer 5

Andrew Miracle

Question 6

Angelique Haugerud studied the impacts of which satirical group in the United States?

Answer 6

Billionaires for Bush

Question 7

parody and satire are often used by individuals to…?

Answer 7

threaten social norms, by criticizing how things are currently organized and pointing out alternate ways of organizing society

Question 8

satire, parody, and other forms of comedy are often thought as, “________”

Answer 8

just play, this allows it to be an effective form of social protest because comedy will rarely be banned by governing censorship, but may also not always be taken very seriously

Question 9

_______ argues that in Brazil, football/futebol, works to build political unity and allegiance to the nation

Answer 9

Janet Lever, different social groups/classes support different local teams in Brazil but everyone comes together under the nation to support World Cup/Olympic teams

Question 10

Garry Kildea and Jerry Leach’s 1974 documentary about Papua New Guinea was called ________

Answer 10

Trobriand Cricket

Question 11

the changing of rules of _____ in Papua New Guinea by the Trobrianders is an example of sport transforming dominant social beliefs and values

Answer 11

cricket

Question 12

_________ defines art as “all the ideas, forms, techniques, and strategies that humans employ to express themselves creatively and to communicate their creativity and inspiration to others”

Answer 12

Kenneth J. Guest

Question 13

_________ defines art as objects which are “beautifully made” and “demonstrate a certain technically achieved level of excellence”

Answer 13

Alfred Gell

Question 14

The German playwright and theorist ___________, for instance, devised an entire theory and practice of theatre in 1920s Germany that was designed to disrupt audiences’ emotional absorption in plays in order to prompt them to instead think critically and rationally about the social, political, and economic dynamics of the events depicted on stage

Answer 14

Bertolt Brecht

Question 15

______: the perception through one’s senses in contrast with the perception through intellect and logic

Answer 15

aesthetics

Question 16

true/false: Anthropologists of art have largely disputed the idea that there is any sort of simple or universal relationship between artistic forms and human response across cultures, a “universal aesthetic”

Answer 16

true!

Question 17

________ has studied the sculpture practices of the Baule people of West Africa for several decades

Answer 17

Susan Vogel

Question 18

true/false: For the Baule, art objects are “animate presences, indistinguishable from persons, spirits, and certain prosaic things” and their ability to evoke meaning and emotional responses from audiences derives from this status and their ability to act

Answer 18

true

Question 19

what is a Gbagba dance?

Answer 19

a daylong performance by the Baule of Ivory Coast, West Africa that enacts and teaches basic lessons about how the Baule view the world

Question 20

how does the shortfilm “Por Primera Vez” reinforce the legitimacy of the new Cuban State?

Answer 20

reinforcing the belief that the new Cuban state would “rescue” the countryside, bringing in technology and modernity it lacked
using Charlie Chaplin’s movie “Modern Times”, ironic undermining of the documentary’s own promise and suggesting that the socialist state (unlike capitalist) will be able to deliver technology to all citizens
the aesthetic aspirations of Cuban filmmakers who want to be modern

Question 21

Lila Abu-Lughod has tracked the reception of an _____ television series called “Hilmiyya Nights” that is broadcast during _______

Answer 21

1. Egyptian
2. Ramadan

Question 22

true/false: in her fieldwork, Abu-Lughod found that this message of nationalist unity (in Himiyya Nights) was often lost on viewers

Answer 22

true

Question 23

____: the collective activity of the various people and institutions involved in shaping the production, distribution, and consumption of what is considered art within any given context

Answer 23

art worlds

Question 24

Anthropologist ________ notes that many of the objects that are in fine arts museums today originally had different social purposes

Answer 24

Shelly Errington

Question 25

One potent example of how material objects can change their social meanings as they enter into and are taken up by contemporary art worlds includes that of the Haisla Nation’s G’psgolox ______

Answer 25

totem pole

Question 26

myths are a verbal ____

Answer 26

art

Question 27

what is the biggest Canadian myth?

Answer 27

multiculturalism: that we are a country of people from all different backgrounds, that coexist in peace and equality- when this is not the case!

Question 28

true/false: myths operate to uphold dominant social beliefs over the decades

Answer 28

true

Question 29

who were the two most influential anthropologists that argued that myths uphold dominant social beliefs

Answer 29

bronislaw malinowski (Trobriand origin myths, myths alter as societal conditions and hierarchy change) and claude levi-strauss (myths were tools through which a society represented and managed contradictions)

Question 30

where did many of the concepts from Levi-Strauss’s theory of myths come from?

Answer 30

derived from linguistics as developed by Ferdinand de Saussure

Question 31

whats an example of social change impacting rituals?

Answer 31

same-sex marriage, same process as a heterosexual couple but consolidates the acceptance of same-sex marriage

Question 32

French anthropologist _____ first came up with the idea of rites of passage, then ______ later elaborated on this basic concept

Answer 32

Arnold Van Gennep
Victor Turner

Question 33

what are the three phases of rites of passage?

Answer 33

separation
transition (liminal)
re-aggregation

Question 34

what are the seven main behaviors that are associated with religious practice? (review definitions on page 232)

Answer 34

prayer
physiological exercise
exhortation
mana
taboo
feasts
sacrifice

Question 35

Witchcraft, Oracles, and Magic among the Azandes was published in 1937 by ______

Answer 35

EE Evans-Pritchard

Question 36

true/false: EE Evans-Pritchard argued that witchcraft served as a way of explaining and accounting for unfortunate events as well as a means of exerting social control over the actions of others

Answer 36

true! he viewed witchcraft as a form of social regulation, that is provides an additional explanation that science cannot account for