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ANTH 1220 > Unit 8 Definitions > Flashcards

Unit 8 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

an individual’s unique position in the world, which is shaped by social variables, such as class, gender, and socioeconomic status

A

subject position (!)

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2
Q

the process by which human beings learn to become members of a group, both by interacting appropriately with others and by coping with the behavioural rules established by the group

A

socialization

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3
Q

the process by which human beings living with one another must learn to come to terms with the ways of thinking and feeling that are considered appropriate in their respective cultures

A

enculturation

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4
Q

the result of the process of socialization and enculturation for an individual

A

self

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5
Q

an individual’s ability to make choices and to effect change through their actions

A

agency

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6
Q

the relative integration of a individual’s perceptions, motives, cognitions, and behaviour within a sociocultural matrix

A

personality

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7
Q

the act of becoming aware of the world through what we have termed the five traditional senses (“taste/touch/sight/hearing/smell”- also sensing movement, balance, gravity, temperature, and pain)

A

perception

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8
Q

hierarchical systems that sort groups of things that share at least one quality into subgroups that share a greater number of qualities

A

taxonomies

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9
Q

“the study of first-person experience of consciousness in the material world. in different conditions or situations, people come to recognize their responses to different conditions of intentionality”

A

phenomenology

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10
Q

a diverse theoretical approach that rejects the determinism of structuralism as a universal theory and seeks to reveal the historical origins of structures, and how they interact with other forces in specific social and political contexts

A

poststructural

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11
Q

_____:
1. in speech, a meaningful utterance or series of utterances united by a common theme
2. drawing on linguistics, discourse refers to a social and historical schema that conveys knowledge and meaning to produce subject positions

A

discourses

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12
Q

an individual’s awareness of their own agency and subject

A

subjectivity (!)

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13
Q

the conventional biological and often binary distinction between male, female, and intersex people based on morphological sex, gonadal sex, and chromosomal sex

A

sex (!)

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14
Q

the culturally constructed beliefs and behaviours considered appropriate for different categories, often linked to sex

A

gender (!)

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15
Q

an individual’s sense of their own sexual desires, orientation, and preferences

A

sexuality (!)

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16
Q

a categorization of gender and sex as discretely binary comprised of males or females and men or women

A

binary

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17
Q

an ideology that promotes heterosexuality as the social ideal, supported by the cultural definition of “appropriate” behaviour based on culturally defined binary categories of “male and “female”, “masculine” and “feminine”

A

heteronormativity

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18
Q

the deliberate representation of particular identities as if they were a result of biology or nature rather than history or culture, making them appear eternal and unchanging

A

naturalizing discourses

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19
Q

a condition in which an individual person possesses both male and female characteristics

A

androgyny

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20
Q

the critical study of gendered categories, gender inequality, and how they intersect with racism, colonialism, and capitalism

A

feminist anthropologists

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21
Q

an explanation of cultural phenomena based on male experiences and perspectives that is then used to represent a community as a whole

A

androcentric bias

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22
Q

systematic sociocultural structures and practices of inequality, derived from patriarchal institutions that continue to shape relations between genders

A

sexism

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23
Q

the notion that institutional forms of oppression organized in terms of gender, race, class, sexuality, ability, and other subjectivities are interconnected and shape the opportunities and constraints available to individuals in any society

A

intersectionality

24
Q

individuals whose bodies do not easily fall into the western biomedical categories of male and female due to variations in genitalia, chromosomes, or hormones

A

intersex (!)

25
Q

individuals whose sex and gender transitioned from male/woman, female/man, or have a non-binary gender identity

A

transgender

26
Q

__: an increasingly common identity used to include all sexual practices, sex, and gender identities that transgress normative binaries and heterosexual practice

A

queer

27
Q

individuals whose sex and gender agree based on normative assumptions of male/female and man/woman

A

cisgender

28
Q

a term used to describe female same-sex sexuality (based on the name of the Greek island of Lesbos, the home of the female poet Sappho, who was reputed to love women rather than men)

A

lesbian

29
Q

_____: the socially recognized ties that connect people in a variety of ways

A

relatedness (!)

30
Q

___: a socially recognized contract between spouses that carries the possible implications of sexual access, distribution of economic resources, status of the spouses, relatedness to children, and connections between the kin of each spouse

A

marriage (!)

31
Q

a socially recognized unit of related people who often share a residence as well as produce and share resources

A

family

32
Q

socially defined relationships of relatedness that are commonly derived from a wide array of human experiences, including care, nurturance, sexual relationships, and having children

A

kinship

33
Q

the relatively unofficial bonds that people construct with one another that tend to be personal, affective, and a matter of choice

A

friendship

34
Q

what are the two types of kin and relatedness? (!0

A

affinal
consanguineal

35
Q

____: relationships created via marriage

A

affinal (!)

36
Q

____: relationships of descent, not necessarily but usually by birth

A

consanguineal (!)

37
Q

___: marriage within a defined social group

A

endogamy (!)

38
Q

___: marriage outside a defined social group

A

exogamy (!)

39
Q

____: a pattern in which a person is married to or in an intimate relationship with one person at a time

A

monogamy (!)

40
Q

___: a marriage pattern in which a person may be married to more than one person at a time

A

polygamy (!)

41
Q

______: the socially and/or legally recognized father

A

paters

42
Q

____: the biological father

A

genitor

43
Q

___: the transfer of wealth from parents to their daughter or to the groom and his family at the time of marriage

A

dowry (!), dowry practices are common in the agricultural societies of Europe and Asia, but have also been brought to parts of Africa as these societies adopt Islamic sharia law

44
Q

___: the transfer of certain symbolically important goods from the family of the groom to the family of the bride

A

bridewealth (!), is most common in patrilineal and patrilocal societies, although, as your textbook notes, it may also be found in matrilineal societies with avunculocal patterns of residence

45
Q

a family made up of two generations: parents and their unmarried children

A

nuclear family (!)

46
Q

a family pattern made up of three generations living together: parents, children, grandchildren

A

extended family (!)

47
Q

a family pattern made up of siblings and their spouses along with their children and sometimes parents living together

A

joint family (!)

48
Q

a family created when previously divorced or widowed people marry, bringing with them children from their previous marriages

A

blended family (!)

49
Q

a family created over time by new kin ties as friends and lovers demonstrate their genuine commitment to one another

A

families of choice

50
Q

a pattern of descent in which a descent group is formed based on connections of relatedness made through both a mother and a father

A

bilateral descent (!)

51
Q

a pattern of descent in which a descent group is formed based on connections of relatedness made through either a father or a mother

A

unilineal descent (!)

52
Q

the person from whose perspective the kinship associations are being mapped and/or discussed

A

ego

53
Q

a descent group formed by members who believe they have a common ancestor, even if they cannot specify the genealogical links

A

clan (!)

54
Q

non-kin groups that may be organized on the basis of age, sex, economic role, and/or personal interest

A

sodalities

55
Q

non-kin social groups composed of young men born within a specified time span

A

age sets

ANTH 1220 (20 decks)

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