Unit 10: Key Definitions Flashcards
a theory that argues that the social change occurring in non-western societies under colonial rule was a necessary and inevitable prelude to higher levels of social development that has been reached by the more “modern” nations
modernization theory
a theory that argues that the success of “independent” capitalist nations has required the failure of “dependent: colonies or nations whose economies have been distorted to serve the needs of dominant capitalist outsiders
dependency theory
a theory that argues that capitalism incorporates various regions and peoples into a world system whose parts are linked economically but not politically
world-system theory
in a world-system theory, the nations specializing in banking, finance, and highly skilled industrial production
core
in a world-system theory, those exploited former colonies that supply the core with inexpensive food, goods, and raw materials
periphery
in world-system theory, states that have played peripheral roles in the past but that now have sufficient industrial capacity and other resources to possibly achieve core status in the future
semi-periphery
a political perspective that promotes individual freedom, open markets, and free trade while opposing strong state involvement in personal and economic affairs
neoliberalism
the idea that some cultures dominate other cultures and that cultural domination by one culture leads inevitably to the destruction of subordinated cultures and their replacement by the culture of those in power
cultural imperialism
the process of bringing something foreign under the control of local people or of adapting something foreign to serve local purposes
indigenizing
____: culture mixing that produces a new cultural form
cultural hybridization
_____: being at ease in more than one cultural setting
cosmopolitanism
a population that lives in a variety of locales around the world that are connected with a shared identity based on a shared history of dispersal from a homeland
diaspora
members of a diaspora who begin to organize in support of nationalist struggles in their homeland or to agitate for a state of their own
long-distance nationalists
the rights and obligations of citizenship granted by the laws of a state
legal citizenship
the actions people take, regardless of their legal citizenship status, to assert their membership in a state and to bring about political changes that will improve their lives
substantive citizenship
