Important Deck Test 2

Question 1

major storage fuel

Answer 1

triglyceride

Question 2

major circulating fuel

Answer 2

glucose

Question 3

second major circulating fuel

Answer 3

triglyceride from lipoproteins

Question 4

glycogen is stored where

Answer 4

liver, muscle

Question 5

three major circulating fuels

Answer 5

glucose, triglycerides, fatty acids

Question 6

three major storage fuels

Answer 6

triglycerides, proteins, glycogen

Question 7

bonds in starch

Answer 7

alpha 1,4 ; alpha 1,6

Question 8

amylose bonds

Answer 8

alpha 1,4 (linear)

Question 9

amylopectin bonds

Answer 9

alpha 1,4 & 1,6 (branched)

Question 10

triglyceride is made up of

Answer 10

glycerol, three fatty acids

Question 11

gatty acid is conjugated to glycerol backbone via blank

Answer 11

ester bonds

Question 12

which organ has highest ketogenic activity

Answer 12

liver

Question 13

liver does not have this enzyme so it cannot use ketone bodies that i makes

Answer 13

3 ketoacyl coA transferase

Question 14

second highest ketogenic organ

Answer 14

kidney

Question 15

two fuels used by brain

Answer 15

ketones, glucose

Question 16

organ with highest lipogenic activity

Answer 16

liver

Question 17

organ with second highest lipogenic activity

Answer 17

adipose tissue

Question 18

stage 1 metabolism takes macromolecules and turns them into monomers like blank from blank

Answer 18

aa, proteins

Question 19

stage 1 metabolism

Answer 19

extracellular digestion polymers to monomers

Question 20

stage 2 metabolism

Answer 20

acetyl coA production

Question 21

stage 3 metabolism

Answer 21

produce atp

Question 22

metabolic reactions can be regulated diferentially via

Answer 22

Substrate concentration
Cofactor concentration
Enzyme concentration
Enzyme modifications
Isozymes
Compartmentalization

Question 23

aldose has more blank than ketose because it has one more stereocenter

Answer 23

stereoisomers

Question 24

two carbons of glucose that join to form anomers

Answer 24

c1 aldehyde, c5 hydroxyl

Question 25

anomeric carbon of glucose

Answer 25

carbon 1

Question 26

anomeric carbon of fructose

Answer 26

carbon 2

Question 27

free anomeric carbon means it is a blank sugar

Answer 27

reducing

Question 28

beta is more blank than alpha anomer

Answer 28

stable

Question 29

lactose glycosidic bond

Answer 29

gal beta 1,4 g

Question 30

sucrose glycosidic bond

Answer 30

g alpha 1,2 f

Question 31

trehalose glycosidic bond

Answer 31

g alpha 1,1 g

Question 32

raffinose glycosidic bond

Answer 32

gal alpha 1,6 g

Question 33

raffinose requires blank for digestion

Answer 33

galactosidase

Question 34

sucrose and trehalose are blank sugars

Answer 34

non reducing

Question 35

pancreatic alpha amylase only cleaves these bonds in starch

Answer 35

g alpha 1,4 g

Question 36

enzyme that digests dextrins

Answer 36

isomaltase (debrancher)

Question 37

3 catalytic activities of sucrase isomaltase complex

Answer 37

maltose, sucrose, isomaltose

Question 38

four glycosidases of brush border

Answer 38

glucoamylase, lactase, isomaltase, trehalase

Question 39

secretin promotes release of blank

Answer 39

bicarbonate

Question 40

cck promotes release of blank for carb digestion and blank for lipid digestion

Answer 40

pancreatic alpha amylase, bile salts

Question 41

alpha amylase and glucoamylase both degrade starch by cleaving blank bonds

Answer 41

alpha 1,4 g

Question 42

glucoamylase is a blank and cleaves from the blank end to liberate glucose while alpha amylase is a blank that cleaves blank

Answer 42

exoglucosidase, non reducing, endoglucosidase, internally

Question 43

intestinal glucose/galactose absorption transporter

Answer 43

sglt 1

Question 44

fructose absoprtion in intestine transporter

Answer 44

glut 5

Question 45

glut 5 has passive absorption so it has a blank glycemic index than sglt 1

Answer 45

lower

Question 46

factors that influence glycemic index

Answer 46

structure, enzyme, absorption mode

Question 47

carbon of cholesterol ring that is ivolved in formation of an ester

Answer 47

3

Question 48

enzymes involved in the formation of cholesterol esters

Answer 48

acat (intracellular), lcat (extracellular)

Question 49

which cholesterol derivative is the precursor of vitamin d3

Answer 49

7 dehydrocholesterol

Question 50

which organs generate vitamin d3 from 7 dehydrocholesterol

Answer 50

skin makes cholecalciferol, then liver and kidney make it active d3

Question 51

which reaction is the rate limiting step in production of bile salts from cholesterol

Answer 51

7 alpha hydroxylase enzyme that converts cholesterol to 7a hydroxycholesterol, first step

Question 52

two aa conjugated to bile salts

Answer 52

taurine, glycine

Question 53

two amphibolic bile salt detergents related to taurine and glycine

Answer 53

chenocholic acid, cholic acid

Question 54

pancreatic lipase works where

Answer 54

digestive tract

Question 55

LPL works where

Answer 55

blood stream

Question 56

lipoprotein lipase forms these

Answer 56

glycerol, fatty acids

Question 57

pancreatic lipase forms these

Answer 57

2 monoglycerides, 2 fatty acids

Question 58

fatty acids can be converted back to triglycerides via blank

Answer 58

fatty acyl transferase

Question 59

pancreatic lipase requires blank

Answer 59

colipase

Question 60

LPL requires blank for activation

Answer 60

ApoCII

Question 61

LPL substrate is triglycerides from blank

Answer 61

chylomicrons

Question 62

pancreatic lipase substrate

Answer 62

dietary triglycerides

Question 63

nascent chylomicrons are blank

Answer 63

lipoproteins

Question 64

nascent chylomicrons become mature when they accept these from HDL

Answer 64

apoC2/apoE

Question 65

chylomicron remnants are created when blank digest them and remove their triglycerides

Answer 65

LPL

Question 66

ApoC2 and ApoE are critical for digestion of blank

Answer 66

chylomicrons

Question 67

largest lipoprotein

Answer 67

chylomicron (low density)

Question 68

which lipoprotein has highest triglycerides

Answer 68

chylomicron

Question 69

which liprotein has most proteins

Answer 69

HDL (high density)

Question 70

HDL or LDL has more cholesterol?

Answer 70

LDL

Question 71

functions of HDL

Answer 71

donate apoc2/apoe, extract cholesterol, converts cholesterol to cholesterol ester

Question 72

cause of hypercholesterolemia

Answer 72

LDL receptor probs, LPL probs

Question 73

steatorrhea is due to incomplete blank digestion

Answer 73

lipid