Lecture 2 Flashcards by Francis Mendoza

nuclear proteins

RNA, DNA

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immunoglobulin example

antibody

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invader that causes the immune response

antigen

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proteins are made of

amino acids

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L amino acid and D amino acid are blank

mirror images (stereoisomers)

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molecule with both + and - charges

zwitterions

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molecule that acts as acid base

ampholyte

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charged ends of amino acids form blank bond

peptide

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peptide bond aka blank bond

amide

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two amino acids are joined with the accompanying loss of a water molecule

condensation reaction

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condensation reaction is catalyzed by the blank

ribosome

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water inhibits blank

protein synthesis

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end terminus of peptide chain

carboxyl

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terminus of peptide chain that is at the beginning

amino group

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number of R group options…. R groups are amino acids in proteins

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two cysteines can react together to form a strong covalent blank bond

disulphide

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proteins are purified to be used in

drugs

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gel electrophoresis distributes and purifies proteins according to blank

charge

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small proteins migrate blank in gel electrophoresis

fast

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ion exchange does not usually fully blank proteins

purify

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size exclusions has blank getting through first

large

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sds gel electrophoresis separates by size and allows large proteins through blank than smaller

slower

proton donor

acid

proton acceptor

base

strong acids and bases blank in water

dissociate completely

weak acids make good blank because they dissociate blank in water

buffers, incompletely

the larger Ka, the blank the tendency for the acid to dissociate

greater

large Ka means blank acid

strong

strong acid means a blank pKa

small

pKa = -(log10) Ka

henderson hasselbeck

Ka of a weak base is actually a measure of the dissociation a proton from its blank

conjugate acid

measure of ionizable species in a solution

titration curve

pH at which the net charge on species is zero on average

isoelectric point

at blank, 50% protonated 50% unprotonated

pKa

solution pH higher than the pKa of amino acid, then amino acid is blank

deprotonated

solution pH lower than the pKa of amino acid, then amino acid is blank

protonated (has all its protons)

net charge of protein is the blank of all ionic species

mean

henderson hasselbeck equation

pH = pKa + log (products/reactants)

a buffer is a weak acid or base and a blank of that weak acid or base

salt

biological buffers funciton

maintain homeostasis

2 carriers of oxygen proteins

hemoglobin, myoglobin

straight or branched CHn chain

aliphatic

nonpolar small aliphatic aa

gly, ala

Nonpolar, aliphatic (bulky)

VAL, LEU, ILE

Branched-chain

VAL, ILE, LEU, ARG, ASN, GLN

Aromatic

PHE, TYR, TRP

Charged, acidic (negative)

ASP, GLU

Charged, basic (positive)

HIS, LYS, ARG

Polar, uncharged, amides

ASN [--> ASP], GLN [--> GLU]

Polar, uncharged, hydroxy

TRY, SER, THR

Polar, uncharged, sulfur-containing

MET, CYS

only amino acid that is not optically active

glycine

very hydrophobic aromatics

phenylalanine, Tryptophan... not tyrosine because of hydroxyl group

blank side chains act as buffers at physiological pH

histidine