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Dental Biochemistry > Test 2 Questions > Flashcards

Test 2 Questions Flashcards

1
Q

major circulating fuel in fed state

A

glucose

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2
Q

3 stages of metabolism

A

extracellular digestion, produce acetyl coA, produce energy

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3
Q

gluconeogenesis takes place where

A

liver

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4
Q

gluconeogenesis occurs during the blank state

A

fasted

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5
Q

glucose is converted to glycogen during blank

A

glycogenesis

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6
Q

muscle has blank gluconeogenic activity

A

insignificant

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7
Q

lactate production from pyruvate regenerates blank

A

nad+

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8
Q

glucose and fructose are what in relation to each other

A

isomers

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9
Q

amylopectin has this type of glycosidic bond and is blank

A

alpha 1,6 ; branched

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10
Q

cellulose has this type of glycosidic bond and is blank

A

beta 1,4 ; unbranched

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11
Q

amylopectin and cellulose are both blank polymers

A

glucose

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12
Q

amylopectin and cellulose both have blank glycosidic bonds

A

o linked

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13
Q

open chain form of glucose that forms a six member ring has blank anomeric configurations

A

2

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14
Q

can a six member ring of glucose be a reducing sugar?

A

yes

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15
Q

furanose is a blank membered ring

A

5

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16
Q

all forms of glucose are highly blank

A

soluble

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17
Q

hypoglycemia in the brain during the fasted state is because glucose passes from blood into csf through blank transporters

A

glut 1

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18
Q

secretin is a hormone that stimulates release of blank from pancreas

A

bicarbonate

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19
Q

CCK stimulates blank cells in the pancreas to release blank

A

acinar, pancreatic amylase

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20
Q

sucrase is released by blank cells and digests blank

A

brush border, sucrose

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21
Q

sucrase isomaltase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,2 f ; g alpha 1,6 g ; g alpha 1,4 g

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22
Q

glucoamylase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,4 g (from non reducing ends) (is an exoglucosidase but alpha-amylase is an endoglucosidase)

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23
Q

trehalase complex of brush border cells cleave these glycosidic bonds

A

g alpha 1,1 g

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24
Q

sglt 1 sodium glucose symport occurs in the blank tubules and blank

A

renal, intestinal mucosa

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25
sglt 1 transports na+ blank its concentration gradient
down
26
blank can also be transported in sglt 1 transporters
galactose
27
sglt 1 uses atp but does not have a blank
ATPase (sodium potassium pump)
28
more saturated a fatty acid is... the blank the melting point
higher
29
natural fatty acids usually have blank double bonds
cis
30
numbering of fatty acids starts from the blank carbon
carboxyl
31
bile salts can be conjugated to either blank or blank
glycine, taurine
32
bile salts are synthesized by blank in the bile
cholesterol
33
95 percent of bile salts are blank
reabsorbed
34
vitamins, and long fatty acids require bile salts but this range of fatty acids does not require them for intestinal absorption
C2-C12
35
limit dextrins have this glycosidic bond
alpha 1,6
36
maltose have this glycosidic bond
alpha 1,4
37
galactose have this glycosidic bond
beta 1,4
38
what causes an increased density
protein
39
delta G of glucokinase
-4
40
committed and highly regulated step of glycolysis
3 (PFK-1)
41
muscle and brain predominantly use hexokinase or glucokinase
hexokinase
42
pfk-1 is activated by this metabolite
fructose 2,6 bisphosphate
43
enzyme converting 2 phosphoglycerate to phosphoenolpyruvate
enolase
44
enolase is inhibited by blank
sodium fluoride in toothpaste
45
alcoholic fermentation in yeasts involves the decarboxylation of blank
pyruvate
46
which of these does catabolism of ethanol in the liver not make? nadh, pyruvate, acetaldehyde, acetate
pyruvate
47
reactions catalyzed by blank take place in mitochondria, require thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor, produce nadh, and are regulated by atp
pdc
48
rate limiting step in glucose oxidation
pdc
49
pdc e1 requires this cofactor
TPP
50
pdc e1 is reversible or irreversible
irreversible
51
pdc e1 that is phosphorylated is functionally blank
inactive
52
substrate of pdc e1
pyruvate
53
enzymes of tca cycle that are dissolved in mitochondrial matrix
malate dehydrogenase, fumarase, succinyl coA synthetase, citrate synthase
54
glycerol phosphate electron shuttle is used for reoxidation of nadh produced from this enzyme
glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase
55
a high level of nadh will blank flux through glycolysis
decrease
56
TCA requires this coenzyme
coA
57
TCA has a net blank of oxaloacetate
no change
58
TCA has a production of high energy phosphates via blank
substrate level phosphorylation
59
TCA substrates have blank roles in metabolism
amphibolic
60
TCA produces fadh2 true or false
true
61
this is involved in ketone bodies and can pass the blood brain barrier
beta hydroxybutyrate
62
true or false beta hydroxybutyrate is synthesized in the cytosol
false
63
deficiency of vitamin B12 would cause presence of blank in the urine
methylmalonate
64
carnitine in beta oxidation is related to the translocation of blank into the blank
fatty acids, mitochondria
65
acyl coA dehydrogenase uses blank as the electron acceptor in the ETC
FAD
66
complex of ETC accepts electrons from blank
nadh
67
cytochrome c is a blank electron carrier
mobile
68
cytochrome c has a blank prostethic group
heme
69
cytochrome c has a more blank reduction potential than oxygen
negative (.32 vs .8)
70
cytochrome c has a blank affinity for electrons than complex 1
higher
71
dnp reduces the activity of blank
complex 5
72
fungus metabolite antimycin A blocks blank
electron flow
73
muscle glycogen phosphorylase is an enzyme involved in glycogen breakdown and is activated by blank during sprinting
AMP
74
glucose 6 phosphate allosterically activates which enzyme
glycogen synthase
75
inappropriate release of calcium from sr of muscle causes increased blank breakdown, activation of glycogen phosphorylase kinase, and activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
glycogen
76
adenylate cyclase is an enzyme involved in blank
glucose homeostasis
77
adenylate cyclase plays a role in muscle blank breadown
glycogen
78
adenylate cyclase produces blank from ATP
cAMP

Dental Biochemistry (43 decks)

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