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Flashcards in Infection: Chronic Infections Deck (7)
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1
Q

Why do chronic diseases predispose to certain infections?

A

Chronic diseases can cause a change in the structure or function of affected tissues or organs which may change the interaction between the pt and microorganisms.
This may be further affected by treatments eg antibiotics and steroids changing the presence of MOs

2
Q

What is the cause of cystic fibrosis?

A

Its an autosome recessive condition causing a defect in the CF transmembrane conductance regulator gene in exocrine glands.
The most common mutation is a deletion of phenylalanine

3
Q

What are the pathologies of CF?

A

Defect in CFTR leads to defects in Cl- transmembrane transport - in the lungs Cl- can not enter mucus so mucus is thick and sticky which can block pancreatic ducts (pancreatic enzymes can cause pancreatitis and there is poor digestion of proteins and fats)
However in the sweat Cl- can not get back into the cell so sweat is salty.

4
Q

What infections do people with CF commonly get?

A

Get respiratory infections with staphylococcus aureus and pseudomonas aeruginosa (mucus can not be cleared so bacteria colonise)

5
Q

Why are people with diabetes more prone to infections?

A

Hyperglycaemia and acidaemia impair humoral immunity and leukocyte and lymphocyte functions.
There is poor tissue perfusion which increases infection risk
Diabetic neuropathy can cause diminished sensation so skin wounds are unnoticed.

6
Q

What infections are common in people with diabetes?

A

Malignant/necrotizing otitis externa - p aeruginosa, infection starts in canal and spreads to soft tissue and bone.
UTIs - there can be neurogenic bladder due to neuropathy leading to residual urine. Usually E Coli or p aeruginosa
Skin and soft tissue infection - due to sensory neuropathy, vascular disease and hyperglycaemia.

7
Q

What infections are people with downs syndrome more prone to?

A
Resp infections (bacterial or viral)
Unknown whether its due to immunodeficiency or other factors eg altered mucus secretion or different structure of mouth and airways.

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