Interview part 10 Flashcards
(21 cards)
Is the blood acidic or basic?
it is slightly basic
How many percent of your body consists of water?
60%
Which are the 3 main functions of blood?
transport, protection and regulation
Which substances are transported in the blood?
- Gases, namely oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2), between the lungs and rest of the body
- Nutrients from the digestive tract and storage sites to the rest of the body
- Waste products to be detoxified or removed by the liver and kidneys
- Hormones from the glands in which they are produced to their target cells
- Heat to the skin so as to help regulate body temperature
What is the mean temperature of the human body?
About 38 degrees
Blood helps to regulate…
- pH by interacting with acids and bases
* Water balance by transferring water to and from tissues
What does blood consists of?
- Erythrocytes (red blood cells)
- Leukocytes (white blood cells)
- Platelets
What does blood plasma consists of?
Blood plasma is a mixture of proteins, enzymes, nutrients, wastes, hormones and gases.
What is the role of proteins in the blood?
These are the most abundant substance in plasma by weight and play a part in a variety of roles including clotting, defense and transport.
What happens with the nitrogenous waste in the blood?
Being toxic end products of the breakdown of substances in the body, these are usually cleared from the bloodstream and are excreted by the kidneys at a rate that balances their production
What is the effect of electrolytes in the blood?
The most abundant of these are sodium ions, which account for more of the blood’s osmolarity than any other solute.
Which are the main functions of the red blood cells (RBCs)?
- To pick up oxygen from the lungs and deliver it to tissues elsewhere
- To pick up carbon dioxide from other tissues and unload it in the lungs
How long is the lifespan of an erythrocyte?
ca 120days
What are the functions of platelets?
- Secrete vasoconstrictors which constrict blood vessels, causing vascular spasms in broken blood vessels
- Form temporary platelet plugs to stop bleeding
- Secrete procoagulants (clotting factors) to promote blood clotting
- Dissolve blood clots when they are no longer needed
- Digest and destroy bacteria
- Secrete chemicals that attract neutrophils and monocytes to sites of inflammation
- Secrete growth factors to maintain the linings of blood vessels
WHAT IS THE ABO GROUP?
A and B are different antigens on the surface of the red cells. Antigens are proteins or carbohydrates which our immune system can recognise as foreign. O cells do not have either antigen.
The type of antigen on your red cells is genetically determined.
If you have the A antigen, you have “Group A” red cells.
It is also possible to have both A and B antigens meaning your blood group is AB.
What is Rh?
The Rh blood group system has around 50 different red blood cell antigens. D is the most important antigen of the Rh system. It is also known as Rh(D) or Rh factor or RH1. An Rh(D) negative person, with an Rh(D) antibody, will destroy any Rh(D) positive red cells they come in contact with. This may occur with a transfusion or when pregnant with an Rh(D) positive baby. Rh is very important for women who are or may become pregnant as the antibodies can cause problems for mother and baby
What is plasma compatibility?
Plasma contains Anti-A and Anti-B antibodies depending upon blood group. Patients should only receive plasma which does not contain an antibody which could attack their own red cells.
Antibodies are important molecules our immune system makes to help protect ourselves against foreign things such as bacteria and viruses. Antibodies can also be formed in response to different blood groups.
What is the function of negative feedback?
Tends to Restore Systems to their Original Level
Which factors have to be kept constant in the body?
Temperature Salt level Sugar level (glucose) Water Minerals and Vitamines pH
Which ion activates prothrombin in blood clotting?
calcium ions
Fibrinogen converts to… (blood clotting)
fibrin
