Interview part 12 Flashcards
(17 cards)
What is the function of the lymphatic system?
The system transports some of the fluid from the spaces of tissues (tissue fluid) back to the bloodstream and carries certain fatty substances away from the digestive organs.
What is the function of Primary lymphatic organs? Location?
The locations at which stem cells divide and mature into B and T cells
•Red bone marrow
•Thymus
What is the function of Secondary lymphatic organs? Location?
The locations at which most immune responses occur
•Lymph nodes
•The spleen
•Lymphatic nodules
What is the function of Lymph (fluid)? Location?
It is a clear fluid that is similar to plasma but contains less protein.
What is the role of the mononuclear phagocyte system?
It is a part of the immune system that consists of the phagocytic cells located in reticular connective tissue: macrophages and dendritic cells. The former are professional phagocytes whose main role is to take up particulate material, while the latter are specialized to process and present antigens to T cells.
What is Specific immune responses?
can distinguish among different invaders. The response is different for each invader
What is non-specific immune response? Examples?
With nonspecific defenses, the protection is always the same, no matter what the invader may be. Examples of nonspecific defenses include physical barriers, protein defenses, cellular defenses, inflammation, and fever.
Which are the different types of defenses against invaiders?
Mucus membranes
Secretion of enzymes and/or acids
What are cellular defenses?
Natural killer cells and macrophages are examples of nonspecific cellular defenses. Natural killer cells are a class of lymphocytes that recognize abnormal cells (such as cancerous cells or virus-infected cells), attach to them, and release chemicals that destroy them.
The process of vaccination
use a small amount of a weakened or killed virus or bacteria or bits of lab-made protein that imitate the virus in order to prevent infection by that same virus or bacteria.
What is the relationship between vaccination and immunity?
When you get an immunization, you’re injected with a weakened form of (or a fragment of) a disease. This triggers your body’s immune response, causing it to either produce antibodies to that particular ailment or induce other processes that enhance immunity.
Then, if you’re ever again exposed to the actual disease-causing organism, your immune system is prepared to fight the infection. A vaccine will usually prevent the onset of a disease or else reduce its severity
Are there any sideeffects of vaccinations?
- You can become ill
- You can get an uncurable illness
- You can be allergic because it is produced e.g. with help of eggs
In what way are allergies disorder of the immune system?
Most allergic reactions are a result of an immune system that responds to a “false alarm.” When a harmless substance such as dust, mold, or pollen is encountered by a person who is allergic to that substance, the immune system may react dramatically by producing antibodies that “attack” the allergen (a substance that produces allergic reactions). The result of an allergen entering a susceptible person’s body may include wheezing, itching, runny nose, watery or itchy eyes, and other symptoms.
How does a person become allergic?
Allergens can be inhaled, ingested, or enter through the skin. Common allergic reactions, such as hay fever, certain types of asthma, and hives are linked to an antibody produced by the body called immunoglobulin E (IgE). Each IgE antibody can be very specific. When a susceptible person is exposed to an allergen, the body starts producing a large quantity of corresponding IgE antibodies. Subsequent exposure to the same allergen may result in an allergic reaction.
What is Transplant and rejection syndrome?
When a person receives an organ from someone else during transplant surgery, that person’s immune system may recognize that it is foreign. This is because the person’s immune system detects that the antigens on the cells of the organ are different or not “matched.” Mismatched organs, or organs that are not matched closely enough, can trigger a blood transfusion reaction or transplant rejection.
Which lymphocytes are destroyed of HIV cells?
T helper lymphocytes
Why is AIDS so deadly?
By the times the immune system is unable to produce any antibodies and lack of antibodies due to the fact that they are destroyed. So in the end a person dies of lack of antibodies when exposed to a normal harmless virus.
