Interview part 8

Question 1

Which are the protective structure of the eye?

Answer 1

the eyelids
the eyebrows
the lachrymal gland

Question 2

Which are the 3 mainlayers of the eyeball?

Answer 2

Fibrous tunic (the cornea and sclera)
Vascular tunic (the iris, choroid and ciliary body) 
Retina

Question 3

What is the purpose of the fibrous tunic layer (The Cornea and Sclera)

Answer 3

This layer of the eye has two main purposes. First, because it has no blood vessels in it, the cornea is a perfectly transparent membrane and allows light to enter the pupil and hit the back of the eye (the retina), which is what enables us to have the sense of sight. Second, the cornea protects the iris and pupil from potential harm from both “large” particles (dust, dirt) and smaller, microscopic particles like bacteria. The sclera is the dense, white layer of tissue that coats the sides and back of the eyeball and acts, like the cornea, as a protective layer. It is a fibrous layer that is made up mainly of collagen and is what is often referred to as the “white of the eye.”

Question 4

Which are 6 extra optical muscles, which acts to turn or rotate an eye about its vertical, horizontal and antero-posterio axes?

Answer 4

1. medial rectus (MR)
2. lateral rectus (LR)
3. superior rectus (SR)
4. inferior rectus (IR)
5. superior oblique (SO)
6. inferior oblique (IO)

Question 5

medial rectus

Answer 5

moves the eye inwards the, towards the nose

Question 6

lateral rectus

Answer 6

moves the eye outwards, away from the nose

Question 7

superior rectus

Answer 7

moves the eye upwards (primary), rotates the top of the eye towards the nose (secondary) and moves the eye inwards (tertiary)

Question 8

inferior rectus

Answer 8

moved the eye downwards (primary), rotates the top of the eye downwards (secondary) and moved the eye outwards (tertiary)

Question 9

superior oblique

Answer 9

rotates the top of the eye towards the nose (primary), moves the eye downwards (secondary) and moves the eye outwards (tertiary)

Question 10

inferior oblique

Answer 10

rotates the top of the eye away from the nose (primary), moves the eye upwards (secondary) and moves the eye outwards (tertiary)

Question 11

Which are the most comon disorders and defects of the eye?

Answer 11

Myopia (nearsightedness)
Astigmatism
Glaucoma

Question 12

Describe Myopia (nearsightedness)

Answer 12

Myopia occurs when the eyeball is too long, relative to the focusing power of the cornea and lens of the eye. This causes light rays to focus at a point in front of the retina, rather than directly on its surface. Nearsightedness also can be caused by the cornea and/or lens being too curved for the length of the eyeball. In some cases, myopia is due to a combination of these factors.

Question 13

Describe Astigmatism

Answer 13

is a vision condition that causes blurred vision due either to the irregular shape of the cornea, the clear front cover of the eye, or sometimes the curvature of the lens inside the eye. An irregular shaped cornea or lens prevents light from focusing properly on the retina, the light sensitive surface at the back of the eye. As a result, vision becomes blurred at any distance. Astigmatism frequently occurs with other vision conditions like nearsightedness (myopia) and farsightedness (hyperopia). Together these vision conditions are referred to as refractive errors because they affect how the eyes bend or “refract” light.

Question 14

Describe Glaucoma

Answer 14

a condition that causes damage to your eye’s optic nerve and gets worse over time. It’s often associated with a buildup of pressure inside the eye. The increased pressure, called intraocular pressure, can damage the optic nerve, which transmits images to the brain. If damage to the optic nerve from high eye pressure continues, glaucoma will cause permanent loss of vision.

Question 15

Whats the name of the eyes receptor cells that are sensitive to light?

Answer 15

photoreceptors

Question 16

What are cone cells?

Answer 16

They provide color vision

Question 17

What are rod cells?

Answer 17

They provide black and white vision

Question 18

Describe the outer ear

Answer 18

The outer ear consists of the pinna, the part you can easily see and feel, and the ear canal. The pinna helps to gather the sound waves around us. These sound waves travel down the ear canal where they strike the ear drum. The ear drum separates the outer and middle ear.

Question 19

Which are the bones of the middle ear (ossicles)?

Answer 19

malleus
incus
stapes

Question 20

Which are the 2 main functions of the middle ear?

Answer 20

• assist with our balance

- hear the sound around us

Question 21

Name some of the disorder of the ear

Answer 21

Ear infections
Tinnitus
Meniere's disease
Debarotrauma
Deafness

Question 22

Which receptor is used for taste and smell?

Answer 22

chemoreceptors