Flashcards in Intro to Antihypertensive Agents II Deck (50)
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31
thiazide diuretics
inhibits Na/Cl cotransport and block Na/Cl reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule
-increased lumen Na and Cl in DCT
> diuresis
-increased reabsorption of Ca in PCT
>due to volume contraction
**indicated for kidney stones (like loop diuretics)
32
uses for thiazide diuretics
HTN, mild heart failure, nephrolithiasis, nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
33
side effects of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia
thiazide diuretics
caution in diabetic patients
34
adverse effects of thiazide diuretics
hypokalemia, alkalosis, hypercalcemia*, hyperuricemia, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia*, sulfonamide hypersensitivity
*caution with diabetics
35
mechanisms of K sparing diuretics
-mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
-ENaC inhibitors
both decrease ENaC at luminal membrane
>no Na reabsorption at collecting tubule
>no loss of potassium
**no hypokalemia
**add this to stop hypokalemia with other drugs
36
mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists
inhibit aldosterone
>decreased ENaC in principal cells of collecting duct
>diuresis
**don't require access to tubular lumen
37
clinical for K sparing diuretics (MR antagonists)
hyperaldosteronism, antiandrogenic use, heart failure
38
clinical for K sparing diuretics (ENaC (-))
adjunct for K-wasting diuretics, lithium induced nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
39
adverse effects for K sparing diuretics (MR antagonists)
hyperkalemia, acidosis, antiandrogenic effects
40
adverse effects of K sparing diuretics (ENaC inhibitors)
hyperkalemia and acidosis
41
mineralocorticoid receptor
nuclear hormone receptor
-natural agonist is mineralocorticoids influence salt and water balance
ex agonists/ aldosterone, deoxycorticosterone, cortisol
aka aldosterone receptor
42
CAIs and pH
decreased body pH
43
loop diuretics and pH
increased body pH
44
loop agent plus thiazides and pH
increased body pH
45
K sparing diuretics and pH
decrease body pH
46
all diuretics
increased NaCl in urine
47
diuretics and HCO3
CAIs have largest urinary HCO3
-therefore acidosis occurs
48
all diuretics except K sparing
increased K in urine
-hypokalemia
49
CAIs and K sparing diuretics
decreased body pH
50
