ischemia1

Question 1

what are the active ingredients in loveza

Answer 1

EPA and DHA

Question 2

where do omega 3 fatty acids work

Answer 2

nuclear transcription factors

SREBP-1c and PPAR

Question 3

what is lowered by omega 3 fatty acids?

Answer 3

triglycerides

Question 4

how many mg/day of omega-3-fatty acids are need to have a therapeutic effect

Answer 4

250 mg/day

Question 5

what is the recommended dose of plant stanols and sterols?

Answer 5

2g/ day

Question 6

what is the recommended amount of fiber needed per day?

Answer 6

10-25 mg/day

Question 7

when is combo therapy useful for dyslipidemia

Answer 7

1. when resins cause increased TG
2. when both LDL and TG are increased
3. unacceptable response to a single agent
4. patient also has decreased LDL

Question 8

which is not a determinant of oxygen demand?

a. heart rate
b. contractility
c. blood flow
d. wall stress

Answer 8

c. blood flow

Question 9

what does blood flow increase?

Answer 9

supply

Question 10

arterial relaxation will result in:

1. increased afterload
2. decreased afterload
3. increased preload
4. decreased preload

Answer 10

2. decreased preload

Question 11

vascular tone of coronary arteries deals with what?

oxygen demand or oxygen supply

Answer 11

oxygen supply

Question 12

relaxation of vascular smooth muscle occurs by:

a. increasing cGMP
b. decreasing cAMP
c. increasing calcium

Answer 12

a. increasing cGMP

Question 13

what are the 4 mechanisms to relax smooth muscle

Answer 13

1. increasing cGMP
2. decrease intracellular calcium
3. stabilize or prevent polarization
4. increasing cAMP

Question 14

what is the main cause of ischemic disease

Answer 14

coronary artery blockage

Question 15

what does ischemia mean

Answer 15

decreased blood flow

Question 16

what does hypoxia mean

Answer 16

decreased oxygen to tissues

Question 17

how can someone get hypoxia without ischemia

Answer 17

anemia (no o2 carrying capacity)

Question 18

what symptom is first caused by ischemia

Answer 18

angina pectoris (chest pain from lack of blood to heart)

Question 19

what is often referred to in classic angina or chronic?

what leads to it?

Answer 19

normal ischemia

upon exertion or exercise (reproducible)

Question 20

what type of angina is caused by plaque narrowing lumen of artery

Answer 20

stable angina

Question 21

what type of angina is a life threatening situation from ruptured plaque in artery

Answer 21

unstable angina

Question 22

what is present in lumen of artery during unstable angina, or acute coronary syndrome

Answer 22

platelet aggregation
thrombin formation
no troponin

Question 23

what is difference in STEMI’s and different anginas in lab reports

Answer 23

STEMI’s have positive troponin levels

Question 24

what is difference in STEMI and NSTEMI

Answer 24

STEMI = EKG shows ST interval disruption
NSTEMI = no EKG change

Question 25

what determines severity of myocardial necrosis do to ischemia

Answer 25

1. where is it (LAD very dangerous) 2. how long has it been there 3. degree of collateral circulation (little vessels compensate)

Question 26

what is the MOA of nitrates?

Answer 26

increase NO, activating guanalyl cyclase

Question 27

what are the 3 drugs used for myocardial ischemia

Answer 27

1. nitrates 2. calcium channel blocker 3. Beta blockers

Question 28

nitrates effect what? O2 supply or O2 demand? where does it work? what is it's effect on preload or afterload and end diastolic volume

Answer 28

decrease oxygen demand increase venous capacitance decrease preload decrease diastolic volume

Question 29

nitrates do what to afterload or preload?

Answer 29

nitrates decrease preload

Question 30

venous dilation leads to what in the heart

Answer 30

less oxygen demand, heart doesn't have to work as hard