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Flashcards in ischemia1 Deck (30)
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1
Q

what are the active ingredients in loveza

A

EPA and DHA

2
Q

where do omega 3 fatty acids work

A

nuclear transcription factors

SREBP-1c and PPAR

3
Q

what is lowered by omega 3 fatty acids?

A

triglycerides

4
Q

how many mg/day of omega-3-fatty acids are need to have a therapeutic effect

A

250 mg/day

5
Q

what is the recommended dose of plant stanols and sterols?

A

2g/ day

6
Q

what is the recommended amount of fiber needed per day?

A

10-25 mg/day

7
Q

when is combo therapy useful for dyslipidemia

A
  1. when resins cause increased TG
  2. when both LDL and TG are increased
  3. unacceptable response to a single agent
  4. patient also has decreased LDL
8
Q

which is not a determinant of oxygen demand?

a. heart rate
b. contractility
c. blood flow
d. wall stress

A

c. blood flow

9
Q

what does blood flow increase?

A

supply

10
Q

arterial relaxation will result in:

  1. increased afterload
  2. decreased afterload
  3. increased preload
  4. decreased preload
A
  1. decreased preload
11
Q

vascular tone of coronary arteries deals with what?

oxygen demand or oxygen supply

A

oxygen supply

12
Q

relaxation of vascular smooth muscle occurs by:

a. increasing cGMP
b. decreasing cAMP
c. increasing calcium

A

a. increasing cGMP

13
Q

what are the 4 mechanisms to relax smooth muscle

A
  1. increasing cGMP
  2. decrease intracellular calcium
  3. stabilize or prevent polarization
  4. increasing cAMP
14
Q

what is the main cause of ischemic disease

A

coronary artery blockage

15
Q

what does ischemia mean

A

decreased blood flow

16
Q

what does hypoxia mean

A

decreased oxygen to tissues

17
Q

how can someone get hypoxia without ischemia

A

anemia (no o2 carrying capacity)

18
Q

what symptom is first caused by ischemia

A

angina pectoris (chest pain from lack of blood to heart)

19
Q

what is often referred to in classic angina or chronic?

what leads to it?

A

normal ischemia

upon exertion or exercise (reproducible)

20
Q

what type of angina is caused by plaque narrowing lumen of artery

A

stable angina

21
Q

what type of angina is a life threatening situation from ruptured plaque in artery

A

unstable angina

22
Q

what is present in lumen of artery during unstable angina, or acute coronary syndrome

A

platelet aggregation
thrombin formation
no troponin

23
Q

what is difference in STEMI’s and different anginas in lab reports

A

STEMI’s have positive troponin levels

24
Q

what is difference in STEMI and NSTEMI

A
STEMI = EKG shows ST interval disruption
NSTEMI = no EKG change
25
Q

what determines severity of myocardial necrosis do to ischemia

A
  1. where is it (LAD very dangerous)
  2. how long has it been there
  3. degree of collateral circulation (little vessels compensate)
26
Q

what is the MOA of nitrates?

A

increase NO, activating guanalyl cyclase

27
Q

what are the 3 drugs used for myocardial ischemia

A
  1. nitrates
  2. calcium channel blocker
  3. Beta blockers
28
Q

nitrates effect what? O2 supply or O2 demand?
where does it work?
what is it’s effect on preload or afterload and end diastolic volume

A

decrease oxygen demand
increase venous capacitance
decrease preload
decrease diastolic volume

29
Q

nitrates do what to afterload or preload?

A

nitrates decrease preload

30
Q

venous dilation leads to what in the heart

A

less oxygen demand, heart doesn’t have to work as hard