Flashcards in ischemia1 Deck (30)
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1
what are the active ingredients in loveza
EPA and DHA
2
where do omega 3 fatty acids work
nuclear transcription factors
SREBP-1c and PPAR
3
what is lowered by omega 3 fatty acids?
triglycerides
4
how many mg/day of omega-3-fatty acids are need to have a therapeutic effect
250 mg/day
5
what is the recommended dose of plant stanols and sterols?
2g/ day
6
what is the recommended amount of fiber needed per day?
10-25 mg/day
7
when is combo therapy useful for dyslipidemia
1. when resins cause increased TG
2. when both LDL and TG are increased
3. unacceptable response to a single agent
4. patient also has decreased LDL
8
which is not a determinant of oxygen demand?
a. heart rate
b. contractility
c. blood flow
d. wall stress
c. blood flow
9
what does blood flow increase?
supply
10
arterial relaxation will result in:
1. increased afterload
2. decreased afterload
3. increased preload
4. decreased preload
2. decreased preload
11
vascular tone of coronary arteries deals with what?
oxygen demand or oxygen supply
oxygen supply
12
relaxation of vascular smooth muscle occurs by:
a. increasing cGMP
b. decreasing cAMP
c. increasing calcium
a. increasing cGMP
13
what are the 4 mechanisms to relax smooth muscle
1. increasing cGMP
2. decrease intracellular calcium
3. stabilize or prevent polarization
4. increasing cAMP
14
what is the main cause of ischemic disease
coronary artery blockage
15
what does ischemia mean
decreased blood flow
16
what does hypoxia mean
decreased oxygen to tissues
17
how can someone get hypoxia without ischemia
anemia (no o2 carrying capacity)
18
what symptom is first caused by ischemia
angina pectoris (chest pain from lack of blood to heart)
19
what is often referred to in classic angina or chronic?
what leads to it?
normal ischemia
upon exertion or exercise (reproducible)
20
what type of angina is caused by plaque narrowing lumen of artery
stable angina
21
what type of angina is a life threatening situation from ruptured plaque in artery
unstable angina
22
what is present in lumen of artery during unstable angina, or acute coronary syndrome
platelet aggregation
thrombin formation
no troponin
23
what is difference in STEMI's and different anginas in lab reports
STEMI's have positive troponin levels
24
what is difference in STEMI and NSTEMI
STEMI = EKG shows ST interval disruption
NSTEMI = no EKG change
25
what determines severity of myocardial necrosis do to ischemia
1. where is it (LAD very dangerous)
2. how long has it been there
3. degree of collateral circulation (little vessels compensate)
26
what is the MOA of nitrates?
increase NO, activating guanalyl cyclase
27
what are the 3 drugs used for myocardial ischemia
1. nitrates
2. calcium channel blocker
3. Beta blockers
28
nitrates effect what? O2 supply or O2 demand?
where does it work?
what is it's effect on preload or afterload and end diastolic volume
decrease oxygen demand
increase venous capacitance
decrease preload
decrease diastolic volume
29
nitrates do what to afterload or preload?
nitrates decrease preload
30
