Key 2- Inflammation, Apoptosis and necrosis Flashcards
(46 cards)
The alternative pathway, which can be triggered by…………………
microbial surface molecules (e.g., endotoxin, or LPS), complex polysaccharides, cobra venom, and other substances, in the absence of antibody.
Leukotriene B4 = FUNCTION?
Chemotaxis
Leukotriene C4, D4, E4 …FUNCTIONS? (AGGRAVATED IN ASPIRIN USE)
Broncho Constriction- smooth muscle
(NON-ATOPIC ASTHMA)
THROMBOXANE a2- FUNCTION?
PROMOTE PLATELET AGGREGATION
STOP THIS MEDICATION TO PREVENT CLOT!!
CONTRACTION OF SMOOTH MUSCLE IS CAUSED BY?
PG
MUSCLE WASTING, DEATH IN CANCER PATIENT (MEDIATOR)?
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha
PROSTACYCLIN FUNCTION?
VASODILATATION
(ALSO NITRIC OXIDE)
and
Inhibit platelet Aggregation
Interleukin-1 FUNCTION?
- Acute phase reaction (eg: fever)
- Endothelial effect (Leukocyte adhesion, pro & anticoagulant effect)
- Fibroblast Effect (collagen synthesis – scar)
BAD!!!, IS NOT IT?
MEDIATOR ACTIVATE MACROPHAGE?
Interferon-gamma FROM CD4 CELLS
(ALSO IL-12 CAUSES INCREASED PRODUCTION OF INF)
MEDIATOR, THAT INCREASES SAA, FIBRINOGEN, CRP IS?
IL-6
TEST ESR!
NEUTROPHIL’S Specific (or secondary) granules PRODUCE?
Lysozyme, collagenase, gelatinase, lactoferrin, plasminogen activator, histaminase, and alkaline phosphatase.
NEUTROPHIL’S Azurophil (or primary) granules PRODUCE?
Myeloperoxidase (THINK P-ANCA), bactericidal factors (lysozyme=THINK ABSCESS FORMATION), defensins).
MACROPHAGE AND LIQUIFRACTIVE NCROSIS IN BRAIN- DISCUSS
– acid proteases (only active within lysosomes).
– neutral proteases such as elastase and collagenase are destructive in ECM.
Typical in Liquefactive necrosis- BRAIN
C3a, C5a: ==?
stimulate histamine release from mast cells and thereby increase vascular permeability and cause vasodilation
C5a:===?
chemotactic agent for neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
Opsonization and phagocytosis: ?
C3b AND IG
MAC (MEMBRANE ATTACH COMPLEX)- deficiency of the terminal components of complement predisposes to ………………..infections.
Neisseria
MAC•This tube LIKE STRUCTURE forms a channel allowing the passage of ions and small molecules. Water enters the cell by ……………and the cell lysis.
THIS PROCESS SEEN IN WHICH CONDITIONS?
….Osmosis
A-In immune hemolysis (MISMATCHED BLOOD TRANSFUSION)
A-PNH
•C1 inhibitor (C1 INH)
–blocks the activation of C1, the first protein of the classical complement pathway. Inherited deficiency of this inhibitor is the cause of …………………….
hereditary angioedema
•Decay-accelerating factor (DAF) and CD59
–DAF prevents the formation of ……………………..and CD59 inhibits the formation of the ………………………
•An acquired deficiency of the enzyme leads to excessive …………………activation and lysis of red cells in the disease called ………………………..
C3 convertases, membrane attack complex (C5b-9)
complement, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH)
HISTAMINE (Mast CELL-DERIVED/PREFORMED GRANULES)- FUNCTIONS?
EARLY VASODILATION AND PERMEABILITY
OTHER FUNCTIONS=
–physical injury, such as trauma, cold, or heat, BEE STRING,
–binding of antibodies to mast cells, which underlies immediate hypersensitivity (allergic) reactions [(ASTHMA EARLY PHAGE MEDIATOR)] and
–products of complement called anaphylatoxins (C3a and C5a)
–Neuropeptides (e.g., substance P) and cytokines (IL-1, IL-8) may also trigger the release of histamine
PAF FUNCTION-…………?
PLATELET ACITIVATION, VASODILATION AND PERMEABILITY
Kinins FUNCTIONS?
Increased vascular permeability, smooth muscle contraction, vasodilation, pain
Lipoxygenase inhibitors. 5-lipoxygenase is not affected by …………………
NSAIDs
