KIN 100 - The Foot (lecture 27)

Question 1

Plantar aponeurosis

Answer 1

Just deep to the thick skin on the sole of the foot is a thick web of connective tissue

Acts as a superficial ligament and helps support the longitudinal arch of the foot

Question 2

Muscles of the 1st layer of the foot and their innervation

Answer 2

Abductor hallucis: medial plantar nerve
Flexor digitorum brevis: Medial plantar nerve
Abductor digiti minimi: Lateral plantar nerve

Question 3

Muscles of the 2nd layer of the foot

Answer 3

Quadratus plantae and lumbricals

Question 4

Quadratus plantae Innervation and function

Answer 4

Innervation: lateral plantar nerve

Action: Realigns the pull of flexor digitorum longus tendon

Question 5

Lumbricals

Answer 5

Originate from the tendons of flexor digitorum longus

insert into the extensor expansions of digits 2-5

Innervation:
Medial 1: Medial plantar nerve
Lateral 3: Lateral plantar nerve

Action: flex proximal phalanges while extending middle and distal phalanges of lateral four digits

Question 6

Muscles of the third layer of the foot and their innervations

Answer 6

Flexor hallucis brevis: Medial plantar nerve

Adductor hallucis: Lateral plantar nerve

Flexor digiti minimi brevis: Lateral plantar nerve

Question 7

Muscles of the fourth layer of the foot

Answer 7

7 interossei muscles;
4 Dorsal interossei
3 Plantar interossei

Question 8

Dorsal interossei

Answer 8

numbered 1-4 from medial to lateral

Proximal attachment: adjacent sides of all 5 metatarsals

Distal attachment: Extensor expansions of digits 2,3,4

innervation: Lateral plantar nerve

Actions:
Abduction of digits 2,3, and 4 (2nd digit can medially and laterally abduct)
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 9

Plantar interossei

Answer 9

3 plantar interossei numbered 1-3 from medial to lateral

Proximal attachment: Medial sides of metacarpals 3,4,5

Distal attachment: Medial sides of proximal phalanges 3,4,5

Innervation: Lateral plantar nerve

Actions:
Adduction of digits 3,4,5 (2nd digit cant adduct)
Flex metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 10

What muscles are located on the dorsum of the foot and their innervations

Answer 10

Extensor hallucis brevis ; deep fibular nerve
Extensor digitorum brevis: deep fibular nerve

Question 11

What are the nerves that supply muscles of the sole of the foot

Answer 11

Tibial nerve; passes behind the medial malleolus and divides into
Medial plantar nerve
Lateral plantar nerve

Question 12

What are the nerves that supply the dorsum of the foot

Answer 12

muscles of the dorsum of foot are supplied by nerve from the anterior compartment of the leg (deep fibular nerve)

Question 13

What are the arteries of the foot

Answer 13

2 major arteries supplying the sole of the foot:
Posterior tibial artery passes behin the medial malleoulus and divides into: Medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery