kin 146 midterm 6

Question 1

Examples of food borne infection

Answer 1

Clostridium bacterium
E coli
Listeria
Salmnella

Question 2

Laws and standards to support food safety

Answer 2

Hazard analysis critical control point

Safe foods for canadians regulations

Batch numbering of manufactured foods

Question 3

What does “best before” label mean

Answer 3

food quality and NOT food safety

Question 4

“Expires on” label

Answer 4

used for infant formula and meal replacements
- can’t be sold past this date
- should not be consumed past this date

Question 5

“sell by” label

Answer 5

about quality and helps the store manage their stock

Question 6

Kitchen food safety; cook

Answer 6

hot foods kept hot (60 degrees C or higher)

Question 7

Kitchen food safety; chill

Answer 7

keep below 4 degrees C (frozen -18 degrees C)
- refrigerate leftovers immediately, shallow pans, small portions

Question 8

Irradiation

Answer 8

• Mould in grains, spices
• Insects in fruits and vegetables
• Delay sprout growth in potatoes and onions
• Kills bacteria in meat
• must declare on packagin

Question 9

Contaminants

Answer 9

• From air, water, soil
• Plants absorb
• Animals eat the plants, drink the water and live in the water
• acute contamination; spill or accident
• small amount over a period of time; lax practices
• how persistent it is impacts how harmful it is

Question 10

Prevention of contaminents

Answer 10

• Government
• Almost all fish have some level of trace amounts of mercury (high in large fish, farm raised have low conc. )
• select fish high in omega 3 and are smaller
• eat a variety

Question 11

Natural toxin; goitrogens

Answer 11

• enlarge thyroid
• Brussel sprouts, cabbage, turnip, mustard greens, kale, cauliflower, broccoli, kohlrabi, radishes
• large amounts can aggravate a current thyroid problem

Question 12

Natural toxins: cyanogens

Answer 12

lima beans, apricot pits

Question 13

Natural toxins; alkaloids

Answer 13

nightshade plants - make solanine
- potatoes , tomatoes, eggplant, pepper
- need large quantities to cause a problem
- may increase exisitng inflammation

Question 14

Pesticides

Answer 14

• can be in or on plant
• greatest risk for children, elderly and those with weakened immune systems

Question 15

Maximum residue limit of pesticides set by the government

Answer 15

• includes imported foods
• level set well below the level that could cause harm
• what crops applied to

Question 16

Canadian federal Inspection Agency for pesticides

Answer 16

• monitors food supply
• fine, destruction of crop
• pesticide policy that is used for all of North America

Question 17

Is organic safer?

Answer 17

• costs more
• natural or free range does not mean organic
• unprocessed manure (E coli_
• Not significantly different in nutrient quality

Question 18

Why do we put additives in our food supply

Answer 18

• Natural or articficial
• Nutrients (ex. Vitamin D in milk)
• Kill toxins (ex. nitrates in meat to kill botulinum)
• preserve the food between production and consumption
• enhance taste
• enhance visual appeal

Question 19

Regulations on Additives

Answer 19

• Included on food labels
• Minimum amount of additive to achieve desired effect
• Manufacturers: effective, detectable/measured in final product , safe
• GRAS list (generally recognized as safe)

Question 20

Indirect additives

Answer 20

• material from packages
• chemicals from processing
• food packages

Question 21

Acrylamide

Answer 21

Indirect additive:

high temp cooking of CHO foods that include sugars and asparagine , carcinogen and genotoxicant
- ex. french fries, potato chips, breakfast cereals, cookies

Question 22

Methyl chloride (Indirect hormone)

Answer 22

used to decaffeinate coffee

Question 23

Bovine growth hormone (Indirect hormone)

Answer 23

banned in canada for milk cos

Question 24

Antibiotics (Indirect hormone)

Answer 24

specify time between medication and slaughter
- Antibiotic resistant bacteria
- antibiotic resistant bacteria

Question 25

Cautions with additives

Answer 25

Nitrates- previously thought to be associated with cancer via formation of nitrosamines sulphites destroy thiamin High levels of BHT associated with cancer MSG symptom complex Saccharin - now shown to not cause cancer Aspartame - those with phenylteonuria , can not break down

Question 26

What can be in our water

Answer 26

- Environmental contaminants ex, pesticides - Naturally occuring bacteria ex. cryptosporidium - Additives ex. chlorine

Question 27

what percent of earth's water is drinkable

Answer 27

1% - surface water eg. lakes are more readily contaminated - Ground water; if contaminated, hard to resolve

Question 28

Treating water

Answer 28

Chlorine added to kill bacteria Boil water advisories Do not consume advisories Do not use advisories

Question 29

Mineral content (Treating water) ; Manganese

Answer 29

copper-metallic taste

Question 30

Mineral content (Treating water) ; Sulphur

Answer 30

rotten eggs smell

Question 31

Mineral content (Treating water) ; Iron

Answer 31

Brown stains

Question 32

Mineral content (Treating water) ; Calcium and magnesium

Answer 32

hard water

Question 33

Food insecurity

Answer 33

~6.4% of Canadians live in poverty (1 in 5 children) Indigenous ; on and off reserve Single parents; women Racialized, recent immigrants Disabled

Question 34

High food security

Answer 34

No indications of food access problems or limitations ex. members of the household have access to a full refrigerator and pantry, with enough money to replenish foods as needed

Question 35

Marginal food security

Answer 35

One or two indications of food access problems or limitations - typically of anxuety over food shortafes, but with little or no change in food intake ex. members of the household may worry that the groceries will not last until the next paycheqye, but for the most part, they do

Question 36

Low food security

Answer 36

Indications of reduced quality, variety, or desirability of diet, with little or no change in food intake. ex. members of household eat inexpensive, low nutrient foods such as snack foods, high in fats and sugars, refined grains, and processed meats

Question 37

Very low food security

Answer 37

Multiple indications of disrupted eating patterns and reduced food intake ex. members of the household miss meals, go to bed hungry, and /or unintentionally lose weight becasue of inadequate food intake

Question 38

Double burden of malnutrition in food insecure

Answer 38

- increased rates of obesity - Poor quality diet - micronutrient deficiencies - expensive to eat fruits and vegetables, whole grains - food desserts in low income neighbourhoods - Lack of culturally appropriate foods - high energy, high carb. foods - Approx 2 billion people lack key nutrients in their diet