Psych 1 - Classical Conditioning

Question 1

3 principles of Learning

Answer 1

1. Classical Conditioning
2. Operational Conditioning
3. Observational Learning

Question 2

Classical conditioning

Answer 2

learning involuntary physiological responses
- learning that results from associations of neutral enviornmental stimuli with automatic responses

Question 3

Operational conditioning

Answer 3

learning voluntary behavioural responses

Question 4

Observational Learning

Answer 4

learning by watching others

Question 5

What is learning

Answer 5

relatively permanent change in behaviour that occurs because of experience

Question 6

Behaviourism

Answer 6

behaviour can be studied without referring to mental states

Question 7

Social-cognitive learning

Answer 7

reintroduced mental processes to learning (expectations and beliefs)

Question 8

Conditional reflex

Answer 8

response conditional on environment

Question 9

Unconditioned stimulus

Answer 9

stimulus that elicits a reflexive response in the absence of learning

Question 10

Unconditioned response

Answer 10

reflexive response elicited by a stimulus in the absence of learning

Question 11

How is a physiological response formed

Answer 11

through natural selection

Question 12

Conditioned stimulus

Answer 12

initially neutral stimulus comes to elicit conditioned response

Question 13

Conditioned response

Answer 13

reflexive response elicited by the conditional stimulus

Question 14

Physiological response is a response of

Answer 14

learning

Question 15

How can a conditioned stimulus be created

Answer 15

a neutral stimulus must precede the unconditioned stimulus with a short interval of less than 1 second

Question 16

How to extinguish a conditioned reflex

Answer 16

if the conditioned stimulus is subsequently and repeatedly presented alone , this leads to not forgetting

Question 17

Spontaneous Recovery

Answer 17

conditioned reflex reappears on subsequent sessions but weaker

Question 18

Complete extinction of conditioned reflex created by

Answer 18

multiple sessions

Question 19

Stimulus generalization

Answer 19

conditioned reflex can be generalized to similar neutral stimuli

Question 20

Stimulus discrimination

Answer 20

conditioned reflex might not be generalized to similar neutral stimuli that fail to predict US

Question 21

Give an example of classical conditioning in humans

Answer 21

Advertising
- neutral stimulus (brand/product) associated with positive emotion

Question 22

Irrational fear:

Answer 22

an emotional reflex where a neutral stimulus associated with negative emotion , despite it not posing any harm

Question 23

Counter conditioning

Answer 23

phobias may be reduced by pairing fearful stimulus with objects associated with positive emotions