L1: Metabolic Disorders Flashcards
(62 cards)
1
Q
Henderson Hasselbalch equation
A
2
Q
Normal Parameters
- pH
- PaCO2
- HCO3
- Anion Gap
A
3
Q
Anion Gap
- Def
- Equation
- Normal Value
- Importance
A
4
Q
Def of
- Acidemia
- Acidosis
- Metabolic Disorder
- Simple Disorder
A
5
Q
Def of
- Alkalemia
- Alkalosis
- Respiratory Disorder
- Mixed Disorder
A
6
Q
Acid-base regulation
A
7
Q
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
A
8
Q
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
- NAGMA
A
9
Q
Etiology of Metabolic Acidosis
- HAGMA
A
10
Q
CP of Metabolic Acidosis
A
11
Q
INVx for Metabolic Acidosis
A
12
Q
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
A
13
Q
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- Cause
A
…
14
Q
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- NaHCO3
A
15
Q
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Indications
A
◈ pH < 7.1
◈ Serum HCO3 < 8
16
Q
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Precautions
A
Adequate ventilation for fear of CO2 accumulation
- H+HCO3 → H2CO3 → CO2+ H2O
17
Q
NaHCO3 of Metabolic Acidosis
- Dose
A
18
Q
THAM of Metabolic Acidosis
A
19
Q
TTT of Metabolic Acidosis
- Peritoneal Dialysis
A
….
20
Q
Def of Hyponatremia
A
Serum Na < 130 mEq/L
21
Q
Etiology of Hyponatremia
A
22
Q
Etiology of Hyponatremia
- True Na Deficiency
A
23
Q
Etiology of Hyponatremia
- Dilutional Hyponatremia
A
24
Q
CP of Hyponatremia
A
25
CP of **Hyponatremia**
- depends on
- Rate of development
- Level of hyponatremia
26
CP of **Hyponatremia**
- Acute
27
CP of **Hyponatremia**
- Chronic
Asymptomatic
28
TTT of **Hyponatremia**
29
TTT of **Hyponatremia**
- Asymptomatic
30
TTT of **Hyponatremia**
- Symptomatic
31
Def of **Hypernatremia**
Serum Na > 145 mEq/L
32
Etiology of **Hypernatremia**
33
Etiology of **Hypernatremia**
- Na Excess
34
Etiology of **Hypernatremia**
- Decreased Water
35
Etiology of **Hypernatremia**
- ⇣⇣⇣ Water > ⇣ Na
36
CP of **Hypernatremia**
37
Complications of **Hypernatremia**
38
TTT of **Hypernatremia**
39
Def of **Hypokalemia**
Serum K < 3.5 mEq/L
40
Etiology of **Hypokalemia**
41
Etiology of **Hypokalemia**
- True Hypokalemia
42
Etiology of **Hypokalemia**
- Hypokalmia without Loss
43
CP of **Hypokalemia**
44
TTT of **Hypokalemia**
45
Def of **Hyperkalemia**
- Hyperkalemia ⇢ Serum K > 5.5 mEq/L
- Sever hyperkalemia ⇢ Serum K > 7 mEq/L
46
Etiology of **Hyperkalemia**
47
Etiology of **Hyperkalemia**
- Hyperkalemia with K excess
48
Etiology of **Hyperkalemia**
- Hyperkalemia without K Excess
49
CP of **Hyperkalemia**
50
TTT of **Hyperkalemia**
51
TTT of **Hyperkalemia**
- Cardiac membrane stabilization with IV Ca
52
Cardiac membrane stabilization in **Hyperkalemia**
- MOA
Ca is the physiological antidote of K on the heart
- So it is given to stabilize the cardiac membrane
53
Cardiac membrane stabilization in **Hyperkalemia**
- Dose
1 ml/kg/dose by IV injection over 3 – 5 minutes with maximum dose 10 ml
54
Cardiac membrane stabilization in **Hyperkalemia**
- Precautions
Stop if bradycardia develops
55
TTT in **Hyperkalemia**
- Intracellular K shifting
56
Intracellular K shifting in **Hyperkalemia**
- Insulin + Glucose
57
Intracellular K shifting in **Hyperkalemia**
- Inhaled SABA
58
Intracellular K shifting in **Hyperkalemia**
- NaHCO3
59
TTT in **Hyperkalemia**
- Enhanced K elimination
60
Enhanced K elimination in **Hyperkalemia**
- Loop Diuretics
61
Enhanced K elimination in **Hyperkalemia**
- Cation exchange medications (Examples, MOA, Routes, Dose, Rate)
62
Enhanced K elimination in **Hyperkalemia**
- Dialysis
in Refractory Cases
