L1: Anemia - Intro Flashcards
1
Q
Formation of RBCs
- Timing
A
2
Q
Formation of RBCs
- Site
A
3
Q
Formation of RBCs
- Stages
A
4
Q
Formation of RBCs
- changes in Nucleus, Size, Hb
A
5
Q
Formation of RBCs
- Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
A
6
Q
Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
- Metals
A
- Iron → Hb
- Copper → Heme
- Cobalt
7
Q
Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
- Vitamins
A
8
Q
Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
- Hormones
A
- Thyroid gland → T3, T4
- Anterior pituitary gland → GH
- Adrenal gland → CTS
9
Q
Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
- Proteins
A
They are essential for formation of the globin part of Hb
10
Q
Factors Affecting erythropoiesis
- EPO
A
A protein substance secreted by the kidney & stimulates erythropoiesis
11
Q
Size of Hb
A
1/3 of RBC mass
12
Q
Structure of Hb
A
13
Q
Types of Hb
A
14
Q
Types of Hb
- Hb A
A
15
Q
Types of Hb
- Hb F
A
16
Q
Types of Hb
- Hb A2
A
17
Q
Fate of Hb
A
18
Q
Life span of RBCs
A
120 Days
19
Q
Def of Anemia
A
20
Q
Types of Anemia
A
21
Q
Most common anemia in Egypt
A
Iron deficiency anemia
22
Q
Most common acute hemolytic anemia in Egypt
A
G6PD deficiency
23
Q
- Most common chronic)hemoly tic anemia in Egypt
- Only microcytic hypochromic chronic hemolytic anemia
A
Thalassemia
24
Q
CP of Anemia
A
25
Causes of **Anemia**
26
Causes of **Microcytic Anemia**
27
Causes of **Microcytic Anemia**
- Defective globin chain
- Thalassemias
28
Causes of **Microcytic Anemia**
- Defective heme synthesis
* Anemia of chronic disease
* Iron deficiency (late)
* Lead poisoning
29
Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
30
Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Nonhemolytic (low reticulocyte index)
* Iron deficiency (early)
* Anemia of chronic disease
* Aplastic anemia
* Chronic kidney disease
31
Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Hemolytic (high reticulocyte index)
32
Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Intrinsic Hemolytic
33
Intrinsic Hemolytic Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Membrane Defects
* Hereditary spherocytosis
* Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
34
Intrinsic Hemolytic Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Enzyme Deficiencies
* G6PD deficiency
* Pyruvate kinase deficiency
35
Intrinsic Hemolytic Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
- Hemoglobinopathies
* Sickle cell anemia
* HbC disease
36
Extrinsic Hemolytic Causes of **Normocytic Anemia**
* Autoimmune
* Microangiopathic
* Macroangiopathic
* Infections
37
Causes of **Macrocytic Anemia**
38
Causes of **Macrocytic Anemia**
- Megaloblastic
39
Causes of **Macrocytic Anemia**
- Non-Megaloblastic
40
INVx for **Anemia**
- CBC (PBE)
- BM Aspiration
- Cut-off level of Hb & Hct for anemia
- Coomb's Test
- Reticulocytic count
41
INVx for **Anemia**
- CBC (PBE)
42
HCT
43
MCV
44
MCH
45
MCHC
46
INVx for **Anemia**
- BM Aspiration
....
47
INVx for **Anemia**
- Cut-off level of Hb & Hct for anemia
48
INVx for **Anemia**
- Coomb's Test
49
Technique of Coomb's Test
50
Interpretation of **Coomb's Test**
Presence of antibodies against RBCs → Immune anemia
51
INVx for **Anemia**
- Reticulocytic Count
52
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Technique
- Measuring the percentage of all RBCs that are reticulocytes
53
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Importance
- It is an index for bone marrow activity
54
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Normal Value
1 - 2 % of RBCs count
55
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Decreased Result
- Anemia due to decreased production of red cells
- It is < 3% and frequently < 1.5%
56
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Elevated Result
**Hyperactive bone marrow (Increased Erythropoiesis)**
- Hemolysis
- Blood loss
- Anemia under treatment
- Recovery from BM suppression
57
Reticulocytic Count in **Anemia**
- Reticulocyte Index
