L5: Gastroenteritis Flashcards by Ahmed Farag

Q

Def of Gastroenteritis

A

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Q

Def of Diarrhea

A

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Q

Eiology of Gastroenteritis

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Q

Eiology of Gastroenteritis

Infectious Diarrhea

A

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Q

Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea

GIT (Primary)

A

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Q

Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea

Bacterial

A

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Q

Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea

Viral

A

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Q

Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea

Parasitic

A

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Q

Etiology of Infectious Diarrhea

Systemic (Secondary)

A

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Q

Etiology of Non-Infectious Diarrhea

A

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Q

Classification of Diarrhea

A

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Q

Classification of Diarrhea

Pathophysiological

A

Osmotic
Secretory
Alteration of intestinal motility
Reduction of anatomic surface area

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Q

Classification of Diarrhea

Pathological

A

Inflammatory Vs Non-inflammatory

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Q

Classification of Diarrhea

Clinical

A

Acute Vs chronic or persistent diarrhea
Diarrhea with or without dysentery (blood & mucus in stools)
Diarrhea with or without malnutrition

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Q

Compare Between Secretory & Osmotic Diarrhea in terms of

Volume of stool
Response to fasting
Stool Na
Stool pH
Reducing Substances
Osmotic Gap

A

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Q

Defect in Secretory Diarrhea

A

Dec. Absorption
Inc. Secretion

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Q

Stool Ex in Secretory Diarrhea

A

Continues with fasting
Watery, voluminous

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Q

Examples of Secretory Diarrhea

A

Viruses
Cholera
E. coli

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Q

Defect in Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Maldigestion or absorption
Ingestion of non-absorbable solutes

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Q

Stool Ex in Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Stops with fasting
Watery, lesser volume
Acidic
Higher osmolarity

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Q

Examples of Osmotic Diarrhea

A

Lactase deficiency
Laxatives

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Q

Defect in Diarrhea by Increased Motility

Study These Flashcards

A

Dec. Transit time

Q

Stool Ex in Diarrhea by Increased Motility

Study These Flashcards

A

Loose to normal stool

Q

Examples of Diarrhea by Increased Motility

Study These Flashcards

A

IBS
Thyrotoxicosis

Defect in **Diarrhea by Decreased Surface Area**

- Dec Functional capacity

Stool Ex in **Diarrhea by Decreased Surface Area**

Watery

Examples of **Diarrhea by Decreased Surface Area**

Short bowel syndrome

Defect in **Diarrhea by Mucasal Invasion**

- Inflammation - Dec. Absorption - Inc. Motility

Stool Ex in **Diarrhea by Mucasal Invasion**

- Blood - WBCs - Mucus

Examples of **Diarrhea by Mucasal Invasion**

- Salmonella - Shigella - Yersinia - Campylobacter - Amoebiasis

Compare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea**

Compare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea** - Common Pathogens

Compare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea** - Site

xCompare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea** - Mechansim

Compare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea** - Symptoms

Compare Between **Non-Inflammatory & Inflammatory Diarrhea** - Stool

INVx for **Gastroenteritis**

INVx for **Gastroenteritis** - Stool

INVx for **Gastroenteritis** - Labs

INVx for **Gastroenteritis** - Endoscopy

Proctosigmoidoscopy for severe colitis, and IBD

INVx for **Gastroenteritis** - Serotyping & Toxin Assay

Indications: 1. Bloody diarrhea 2. During outbreaks of diarrhea 3. Diarrhea in immunocompromised

TTT of **Gastroenteritis**

TTT of **Gastroenteritis** - Anti-microbials

TTT of **Gastroenteritis**

TTT of **Gastroenteritis** - Others

Complications of **Gastroenteritis**

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea**

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Determine GIT Involvement

Diarrhea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, dysentery - By thorough history taking including a history of recent travel or possible food poisoning

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Determine Extra-Intestinal Involvement

Complication to non-GIT infections (pneumonia, otitis media)

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Determine immune-mediated extra-intestina manifestations

* AGN * Reactive arthritis

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Assess the degree of dehydration

Provide fluid and electrolyte replacement

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Determine the etiologic agent and provide specific therapy

In selective episodes or in some situations

Approach to Childen with **Acute Diarrhea** - Prevention

* By general measures, available vaccines e.g., rotavirus vaccine