Infection - Tetanus

Question 1

Causative Organism of Tetanus

Answer 1

Clostridium tetani

Question 2

Characters of Clostridium tetani

Answer 2

• Gram +ve bacilli
• Motile
• Obligate anaerobic
• Spore forming

Question 3

Clostridium tetani

• Natural habitat
• Spores
• Vegetative Forms

Question 4

Mode of Infection by Tetanus

Question 5

IP of Tetanus

Answer 5

2 - 14 days (up to 1 month)

Question 6

Pathogenesis of Tetanus

Question 7

Pathogenesis of Tetanus

• Tetanospasmin

Question 8

Pathogenesis of Tetanus

• Tetanolysin

Question 9

CP of Tetanus

Question 10

CP of Tetanus

• Clinical Form

Answer 10

1. Generalized tetanus
2. Neonatal tetanus
3. Localized tetanus

Question 11

CP of Tetanus

• Generalized Tetanus

Question 12

Generalized Tetanus

• fever

Answer 12

• Fever ≥ 40°C due to sustained metabolic activity by the muscles.

Question 13

Generalized Tetanus

• Early symptoms

Answer 13

• Headache, restlessness and irritability are often the early symptoms

Question 14

Generalized Tetanus

• Pain

Answer 14

Patient remains conscious and experience severe pain
- As tetanus doesn’t affect cortical or sensory functions and the

Question 15

Generalized Tetanus

• Ms Spasm

Question 16

Generalized Tetanus

• Tetanic Seizures

Question 17

Tetanic Seizures

• PPT By
• Composed Of
• Duration
• Complications

Question 18

Perosns Suspectible to Neonatal Tetanus

Answer 18

Infants of inadequately immunized mother
* After unsterile management of umbilical stump

Question 19

Neonatal Tetanus

• Incidence

Answer 19

Accounts for 500,000 infant deaths/year

Question 20

Neonatal Tetanus

• Timing

Answer 20

3 - 12 days after birth

Question 21

Neonatal Tetanus

• CP

Question 22

Localized Tetanus

Question 23

Site of Localized Tetanus

Answer 23

• Painful spasm of muscles adjacent to wound sites

Question 24

Fate of Localized Tetanus

Answer 24

It may precede generalized tetanus

Question 25

Example of **Localized Tetanus**

Answer 25

**Cephalic Tetanus** * Localized tetanus involving bulbar muscles * Occurs with contamination of head wounds

Question 26

Dx of **Localized Tetanus**

Question 27

Dx of **Localized Tetanus** - Clinically

Answer 27

- Unimmunized patient + trauma + trismus, muscle rigidity + clear sensorium

Question 28

Dx of **Localized Tetanus** - Labs

Question 29

Complications of **Tetanus**

Question 30

Prevention of **Tetanus**

Question 31

Prevention of **Tetanus** - universal

Answer 31

...

Question 32

Prevention of **Tetanus** - active

Answer 32

- Given at discharge to prevent recurrences - Tetanus disease doesn't produce protective neutralizing antibodies

Question 33

Prevention of **Tetanus** - Post-Traumatic Measures

Question 34

TTT of **Tetanus**

Question 35

TTT of **Tetanus** - Eradication of C.Tetani

Question 36

TTT of **Tetanus** - Neutralization of Tetanus Toxins

Question 37

TTT of **Tetanus** - Supportive

Question 38

Prognosis of **Tetanus**

Question 39

Prognosis of **Tetanus** - tetanic Paralysis

Question 40

Prognosis of **Tetanus** - death

Question 41

Prognosis of **Tetanus** - Favourable Outcomes

Answer 41

* Long incubation * Localized disease * Absence of fever