L4: Pneumonia Flashcards by Ahmed Farag

Q

Def of Pneumonia

A

Acute inflammation of distal lung “Lung parynchyma”

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Q

Types of Pneumonia

A

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
Hospital-acquired (nosocomial) pneumonia.

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Q

Etiology of Pneumonia

A

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Q

Etiology of Pneumonia

Most Common

A

S. Pneumonia

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Q

Etiology of Pneumonia

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

A

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Q

Etiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

Neonate

A

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Q

Etiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

1-3 Months

A

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Q

Etiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

3 - 12 Months

A

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Q

Etiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

2 - 5 Years

A

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Q

Etiology of Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)

> 5 Years

A

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Q

Etiology of Hospital-Acquired (nosocomial) Pneumonia

A

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Q

Pathophysiology of Pneumonia

A

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Q

Pathology of Pneumonia

A

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Q

Pathology of Pneumonia

Congestion

A

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Q

Pathology of Pneumonia

red Hepatization

A

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Q

Pathology of Pneumonia

Grey Hepatization

A

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Q

Pathology of Pneumonia

Resolution

A

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Q

CP of Pneumonia

A

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Q

CP of Pneumonia

Symptoms

A

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Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

General

A

Fever
Cough
Difficulty of breathing

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Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

Neonates & Young Infants

A

Feeding difficulty
Restlessness or subtle

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Q

Symptoms of Pneumonia

Older Children

A

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Q

Signs of Pneumonia

A

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Q

Signs of Pneumonia

Inspection

A

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Inspection in **Pneumonia** - General Look

Inspection in **Pneumonia** - Respiratory Distress

Signs in **Pneumonia** - Palpation

Increased TVF "Tactile Vocal Fremitus"

Signs in **Pneumonia** - Percussion

Dullness

Signs in **Pneumonia** - Auscultation

Severity Assessment of **Pneumonia**

Complications of **Pneumonia**

Complications of **Pneumonia** - Lung

Complications of **Pneumonia** - Pleura

- Parapneumonic pleural effusion - Pneumothorax - Empyema

Complications of **Pneumonia** - General

DDx of **Pneumonia**

DDx of **Pneumonia** - Hereditary Disorders

- Cystic fibrosis - Sickle cell disease

DDx of **Pneumonia** - Anatomic Disorders

DDx of **Pneumonia** - Leukocyte Dysfunction

DDx of **Pneumonia** - Immunity Disorders

DDx of **Pneumonia** - Cilia Disorders

- Immotile cilia syndrome - Kartagener syndrome

Classification of **Pneumonia**

**Typical Bacterial Pneumonia** - Cause - Age - Onset - Course - Fever - Symptoms & Signs - Auscultatory Findings - X-Ray - TTT

**Staph Aureus Pneumonia** - Cause - Age - Onset - Course - Fever - Symptoms & Signs - Auscultatory Findings - X-Ray - TTT

**Atypical Pneumonia** - Cause - Age - Onset - Course - Fever - Symptoms & Signs - Auscultatory Findings - X-Ray - TTT

**Afebrile Pneumonia** - Cause - Age - Onset - Course - Fever - Symptoms & Signs - Auscultatory Findings - X-Ray - TTT

**Viral Pneumonia** - Cause - Age - Onset - Course - Fever - Symptoms & Signs - Auscultatory Findings - X-Ray - TTT

Extra-pulmonary manifestations in mycoplasma pneumonia

INVx in **Pneumonia**

INVx in **Pneumonia** - Rads

INVx in **Pneumonia** - Chest X-Ray

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Findings

Chest X-Ray in **Pneumonia** - Indications

INVx in **Pneumonia** - CT (Indications)

- Refractory to treatment - Recurrent pneumonia

INVx in **Pneumonia** - Blood Tests

Blood Tests in **Pneumonia** - CBC

Blood Tests in **Pneumonia** - Acute Phase Reactants

Blood Tests in **Pneumonia** - Serum Electrolytes

In Legionella → Hyponatremia

Blood Tests in **Pneumonia** - Albumin

In Parapneumonic effusion * The lower the serum albumin, the larger the effusion

INVx in **Pneumonia** - Micobiology

Microbiological Dx of **Pneumonia** - Indications

1. Severe disease 2. Children who require hospitalization 3. Community outbreak 4. Unusual pathogen (e.g. TB or S. aureus as MRSA)

Microbiological Dx of **Pneumonia** - Culture

Microbiological Dx of **Pneumonia** - Rapid Diagnostic Tests

Enzyme immunoassay, immunofluores cence, PCR

Microbiological Dx of **Pneumonia** - TB - Legionellosis & Histoplasmosis

T.B. -----> Tuberculin test - Acid tast smear Legionellosis & histoplasmosis ----› Urine antigen test

Microbiological Dx of **Pneumonia** - Invasive Tests

Causes of **Recurrent or Unresolved Pneumonia**

Causes of **Recurrent or Unresolved Pneumonia** - Multiople Lobe Affection

Causes of **Recurrent or Unresolved Pneumonia** - Single Lobe Affection

Causes of **Death** in Bacterial Pneumonia

Criteria of **Hospitalization** in **Pneumonia**

TTT of **Pneumonia**

TTT of **Pneumonia** - General Support

TTT of **Pneumonia** - Drugs

Most Common Organisms Causing Pneumonia According to Age